Social Development Across The Lifespan In Diverse Cultur

在这个项目中，我们正在调查养育环境的差异(特别是以父母的信仰、价值观和做法为指标)如何影响儿童的发展。在一项研究中，对7到12年级的两组学生的自我知觉的性别差异进行了纵向评估，以便探索青春期不同自我知觉风格的前因和相关性。在11个不同的角色中，女孩认为自己在许多角色上比男孩更有从属关系，不那么消极，但在断言方面的性别差异是不可靠的，女孩的自信并没有随着时间的推移而下降。这些结果与流行的关于女孩在青春期“失声”的说法形成了鲜明对比。性别差异是特定于背景的，在对我是男孩/女孩和我与亲密的同性同伴的评价中，性别差异更加明显。为了进一步探索这些性别差异的先行因素，一组15岁的瑞典儿童完成了部分自我知觉测试，他们的发展从婴儿期起就被系统地记录下来。对这些数据的分析目前正在进行中，但初步分析表明，瑞典样本中的个体差异几乎没有可靠的相关性。

In this project, we are investigating ways in which variations among rearing environments (especially as indexed by parental beliefs, values, and practices) affect children's development. In one study, gender differences in the self-perceptions of two cohorts of 7th to 12th graders are being assessed longitudinally so that the antecedents and correlates of different styles of self-perception in adolescence could be explored. Rating themselves in 11 different roles, girls perceived themselves as more affiliative and less negatively affiliative in many roles than boys did, but gender differences in assertion were not reliable and girls' assertiveness did not decline over time. These results contrast with popular claims regarding girls' "loss of voice" in adolescence. Gender differences were context-specific, and were more pronounced in ratings of Myself as a boy/girl and Myself with a close same-sex peer. To explore antecedents of these gender differences further, portions of the self-perception battery were completed by a group of Swedish 15-year-olds whose development has been documented systematically since infancy. Analyses of these data are currently underway, but preliminary analyses suggest few reliable correlates of individual differences in the Swedish sample.