INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN PHYSICAL AND AFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING IN INFANCY

该项目侧重于描述不同生态环境下的早期相互作用。在多个样本中对婴儿-他人互动和依恋的广泛观察表明，二人组中社会互动的质量随着功能和社会环境的不同而发生巨大变化。因此，为了获得可靠的个体差异指数，需要进行广泛的观察。对魁北克、德国、中非共和国和哥伦比亚以及美国非裔美国家庭的父母和婴儿进行了为期一天的比较观察，以进一步探索文化和环境对早期互动的影响。从每个文化样本中抽取至少两个样本，以最大限度地了解变异的来源和解释。我们希望对不同生态环境下的父母和婴儿进行系统和详细的观察，将提供对婴儿经历变化程度的更清晰的理解，以及获得文化内部和文化之间个体差异可靠指数的最佳方法。在单独的短期纵向研究中，我们正在探索生理、社会和情感功能方面个体差异的稳定性。分析显示，从婴儿期到童年中期的稳定性显著。这个项目没有人员编制，因此进展甚微。

This project focuses on the description of early interaction in diverse ecological contexts. Extensive observations of infant-other interaction and attachment in multiple samples demonstrated that the quality of social interaction within dyads changed dramatically depending on the functional and social context. As a result, extended observations are necessary to obtain reliable indices of individual differences. Comparable day-long observations of parents and infants in Quebec, Germany, the Central African Republic, and Colombia, as well as in African-American families in the US, are being conducted to further explore the effects of culture and context on early interactions. At least two samples are being drawn from each culture sampled to maximize insight into the sources and interpretation of variability. We hope that systematic and detailed observations of parents and infants in a variety of ecological contexts will provide a clearer understanding of the extent to which infant experiences vary and of the best ways of obtaining reliable indices of individual differences within and between cultures. In separate short-term longitudinal studies, we are exploring the stability of individual differences in physiological, social, and affective functioning. Analyses reveal remarkable stability from infancy into middle childhood. This project was not staffed inFY00, so little progress was made.