FUNCTIONAL BRAIN ORGANIZATION

大脑功能组织

• 批准号: 6393141
• 负责人: JEROME N SANES
• 金额: $ 7.2万
• 依托单位: BROWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-09-30 至 2003-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6393141
• 关键词: aging; basal ganglia; brain circulation; brain mapping; cerebral cortex; clinical research; functional magnetic resonance imaging; human subject; learning; neural plasticity; sensorimotor system

The project's long term goals are to study neural mechanisms of volition and how neural and cognitive information processing changes in human aging. With functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), we will investigate organizing principles of the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex in young and aged human adults. Then we will examine whether aging modifies hypothesized changes in the functional architecture of these brain regions that occurs during repeated sensory stimulation and motor performance, motor skill learning, and conditional motor associations. The first experiment compares relative cerebral blood flow in young and aged adults to develop baseline measures of basal ganglia and cerebral cortical organization. Currently, there remains uncertainty about the precise functional organization of basal ganglia and cerebral cortex in both young or aged adults that occurs during simple sensory and motor tasks. We expect to observe unique activation patterns in a several cortical and basal ganglia regions during presentation of somatic sensory stimuli and performance of simple motor actions. A specific hypothesis of these experiments is that basic brain representation patterns in aging remain similar to those in youth. A prediction of these experiments is the location, size and intensity of activation patterns occurring for somatic sensory stimulation and motor tasks does not differ across aging. A second group of experiments tests the hypothesis that aging diminishes neural adaptation. The experiments examine brain activation occurring during repeated tactile stimulation, movement repetition, formation of visual-motor conditional associations, and acquiring sequential patterns. A specific prediction of these experiments is that aging changes the activation patterns occurring during these "learning" tasks. The experiments will demonstrate the extent to which aging may change the neural representations occurring within the basal ganglia and cerebral cortex during motor learning. Application of the experimental results should enable evaluation of changes occurring in brain physiology not only in human aging, but also in development, neurologic dysfunction, and psychiatric diseases. Understanding the basal ganglia and cerebral cortical basis of learning, visual motor associations, and sequential patterns should enhance rehabilitative strategies for patients with focal brain injury and neurodegenerative and psychiatric diseases.

该项目的长期目标是研究神经机制， 意志以及神经和认知信息处理如何变化 在人类衰老过程中。 通过功能性磁共振成像（MRI）， 我们将研究基底神经节的组织原理， 年轻人和老年人的大脑皮层。 那么我们将 研究衰老是否会改变 这些大脑区域的功能结构， 重复感觉刺激和运动表现，运动技能 学习和条件运动联想。 第一个实验比较了年轻人的相对脑血流量， 和老年人制定基底神经节的基线测量， 大脑皮层组织 目前仍存在不确定性 关于基底神经节和大脑的精确功能组织 在年轻或老年人的大脑皮层，发生在简单的感觉 和运动任务。 我们希望观察到一种独特的激活模式， 几个皮质和基底神经节区域， 躯体感觉刺激和简单运动动作的表现。 一 这些实验的具体假设是， 老年人的代表模式与青年人的代表模式相似。 一 这些实验的预测是位置，大小和强度 发生在躯体感觉刺激和运动的激活模式 任务在不同年龄段之间没有差异。 第二组实验检验衰老的假设 减少神经适应。 这些实验检查大脑 在重复触觉刺激、运动期间发生的激活 重复，视觉运动条件联想的形成， 获取序列模式。 具体预测这些 实验表明，老化会改变激活模式， 在这些“学习”的过程中。 这些实验将证明衰老在多大程度上 改变基底神经节内发生的神经表征 和大脑皮层之间的联系。 的应用 实验结果应该能够评估发生在 大脑生理学不仅在人类衰老中，而且在发育中， 神经功能障碍和精神疾病。 了解 基底神经节和大脑皮层是学习、视觉运动的基础 协会，和顺序模式应加强康复 局灶性脑损伤和神经退行性疾病患者的治疗策略 和精神疾病。