Accelerator-based Neutron Brachytherapy

基于加速器的中子近距离放射治疗

• 批准号: 6483979
• 负责人: RUTH E SHEFER
• 金额: $ 12.93万
• 依托单位: NEWTON SCIENTIFIC, INC.
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2002-04-25 至 2005-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6483979
• 关键词: bioengineering /biomedical engineering; boron; computer simulation; computer system design /evaluation; head /neck neoplasm; neoplasm /cancer radionuclide therapy; neutron radiation; particle accelerators; radiation therapy dosage; technology /technique development

The development of a novel treatment of head and neck tumors based on fast neuron brachytherapy, with or without dose augmentation by neutron by neutron capture in boron, it is proposed. Use of brachytherapy approach rather than external beam irradiation will allow intracavity delivery of neutrons leading to vastly improved tumor to healthy tissue dose ratios. Significant healthy tissue sparing should allow the delivery of larger tumor doses than those delivered using external beams, and larger tumor doses would, in turn, lead to improved local control. Unlike the case with many cancer types in which patients die of distant metastases, patients with head and neck tumors tend to die of local and regional involvement. Thus, improving local control is expected to lead to improved patient survival. Accelerator-based neutron brachytherapy would involve the insertion into a patient cavity or tumor of a long, narrow accelerator tube having a neutron-producing target at the tip. In Phase I, a computational model of neutron transport in the human head and neck will be developed and used to determine the most effective neutron source parameters for irradiation of head and neck tumors. The dose characteristics of fast neutron brachytherapy will be evaluated relative to external beam fast neutron therapy, and the potential tumor dose enhancement provided by boron neutron capture will be quantified. Finally, the engineering requirements for a clinically useful accelerator-based neutron brachytherapy source will be determine. PROPOSED COMMERCIAL APPLICATIONS: If neutron brachytherapy is found to provide significant advantages for the treatment of head and neck tumors, then a market will exist for brachytherapy systems. Head and neck cancers account for 5-6% of all cancers in the U.S., and as high as 50% of cancers in developing countries. Neutron brachytherapy may also prove useful in the treatment of other prevalent cancers, such as prostate cancer. An accelerator-based brachytherapy system could be made compact enough to be installed and operated at major medical centers.

本文提出了一种基于快速神经元近距离放射治疗头颈部肿瘤的新方法，该方法可以通过硼中的中子俘获来增加中子剂量。使用近距离放射治疗方法而不是外照射，将允许腔内输送中子，从而极大地改善肿瘤与健康组织的剂量比。重要的健康组织保留应该允许提供比使用外部光束的更大的肿瘤剂量，而更大的肿瘤剂量反过来将导致改善局部控制。与许多癌症类型不同的是，患者死于远处转移，而头颈部肿瘤患者往往死于局部和区域转移。因此，改善局部控制有望提高患者的存活率。基于加速器的中子近距离治疗将涉及将一个细长的加速器管插入患者的腔内或肿瘤中，加速器管的尖端有一个产生中子的靶子。在第一阶段，将开发一个计算模型，计算中子在人体头部和颈部的传输，并用来确定头颈部肿瘤照射的最有效中子源参数。将评估快中子近距离治疗相对于外束快中子治疗的剂量特性，并将量化硼中子俘获提供的潜在肿瘤剂量增强。最后，将确定临床上可用的基于加速器的中子近距离治疗源的工程要求。拟议的商业应用：如果发现中子近距离放射治疗对头颈部肿瘤的治疗具有显著优势，那么近距离放射治疗系统将存在一个市场。在美国，头颈部癌症占所有癌症的5%-6%，在发展中国家高达50%。中子近距离放射治疗在其他常见癌症的治疗中也可能被证明是有用的，例如前列腺癌。基于加速器的近距离放射治疗系统可以制作得足够紧凑，可以在主要医疗中心安装和操作。