Health-Promoting Effects of Positive Emotions

描述(由申请人提供)：这项研究的长期目标是促进对积极情绪如何促进健康、心理健康和社会关系的理解。弗雷德里克森关于积极情绪的拓展和构建理论提供了基础。该理论指出，与负面情绪不同，负面情绪缩小了人们对可能的行动(例如，战斗、逃离)的想法，而积极情绪则拓宽了人们的思想-行动技能(例如，玩耍、探索)，并建立了他们持久的个人资源(例如，健康、韧性、社会支持、智力复杂性)。九项研究针对四个具体目标。研究1-2具体目标I：调查和测试积极情绪在促进心理健康方面的作用。研究1使用了一种新的调查方法来评估精神健康的繁荣是否与积极情绪和消极情绪的高比例有关。研究二采用受试者之间的实验设计和一种新的自我调节干预策略来测试增加积极情绪的日常体验是否会增加情绪高涨的症状，并减少抑郁症状。研究3-4目标具体目标I1：测试积极情绪是否以及如何建立重要和持久的个人资源。研究3采用受试者之间的实验设计和相同的自我调节干预策略来测试增加积极情绪的日常体验是否会建立韧性，这反过来又会改变人们的情绪、认知和生理功能。研究4测试了通过语言标记评估的认知扩展是否解释了积极情绪的构建效应。研究5-6具体目标II1：测试积极情绪是否以及如何扩大人际间的好奇心，并在人与人之间建立高质量的联系。两人都使用了受试者之间的实验设计来诱导情绪(喜悦、愤怒或中性状态)，并测试积极的情绪是否会增加人们对新认识的人的好奇心，从而扩大人际理解和同理心，并改善个人与他人的关系。研究7-9目标具体目标IV：测试积极情绪是否以及如何建立有效的社会协调和有效的团队合作。每个实验都采用受试者之间的实验设计来诱导情绪(喜悦、愤怒或中立状态)，并测试积极情绪是否会增加群体认同感，从而帮助团队协调和节约资源的使用。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term objective of this research is to advance understanding of how positive emotions enhance health, mental health, and social relations. Fredrickson's broaden-and-build theory of positive emotions provides the foundation. The theory states that, unlike negative emotions, which narrow people's ideas about possible actions (e.g., fight, flee), positive emotions broaden people's thought-action repertoires (e.g., play, explore), and build their enduring personal resources (e.g., health, resilience, social support, intellectual complexity). Nine studies target four Specific Aims. Studies 1-2 target Specific Aim I: To investigate and test the role of positive emotions in flourishing mental health. Study 1 uses a new survey method to assess whether flourishing mental health is associated with high ratios of positive to negative emotions. Study 2 uses a between-subjects experimental design and a new self-regulation intervention strategy to test whether increasing daily experiences of positive emotions increases symptoms of flourishing and decreases symptoms of depression. Studies 3-4 target Specific Aim I1: To test whether and how positive emotions build consequential and lasting personal resources. Study 3 uses a between-subjects experimental design and the same self-regulation intervention strategy to test whether increasing daily experiences of positive emotions builds resilience, which in turn alters people's emotional, cognitive, and physiological functioning. Study 4 tests whether cognitive broadening, assessed through linguistic markers, accounts for the building effects of positive emotions. Studies 5-6 target Specific Aim II1: To test whether and how positive emotions broaden interpersonal curiosity and build high quality connections between people. Each uses a between-subjects experimental design to induce emotions (joy, anger, or a neutral state) and test whether positive emotion increases people's curiosity about a new acquaintance, and thereby expands interpersonal understanding and empathy, and improves the ways individuals relate to one another. Studies 7-9 target Specific Aim IV: To test whether and how positive emotions build efficient social coordination and effective teamwork. Each uses a between-subjects experimental design to induce emotions (joy, anger, or a neutral state) and test whether positive emotion increases perceptions of group identity and thereby helps teams coordinate and economize their use of resources.