Promoting Cancer-related Behavior Change through Positive Emotions (PQ4)

描述(申请人提供)：美国癌症协会估计，62%的癌症可以通过改变生活方式完全预防。尽管人们的意图是好的，但人们试图改变与饮食、体育锻炼、吸烟和饮酒有关的已知会增加癌症风险的行为的尝试往往失败，这最终会增加他们患各种癌症的风险。为了回答NCI的挑衅性问题4，这项拟议研究的首要目标是调查积极情绪在促进成功的生活方式改变中的作用，生活方式的改变被定义为长期坚持癌症预防行为(例如，营养饮食、体育活动、吸烟和饮酒)。一种创新的向上螺旋式生活方式改变模式整合了基础行为科学和脑科学的多个研究流，将积极情绪定位为关键的积极成分，不仅可以为新采用的癌症预防行为播撒无意识的动机拉动，还可以重塑关键的生物心理社会资源，从而增加多种癌症预防行为的后续积极情绪产量，创建一个自我维持的动态系统。一项纵向、双盲、安慰剂对照的现场实验通过瞄准三个特定目标来测试这个新模型。这些目标是：(1)确定生物心理社会资源，以缓和癌症预防行为和他们的积极情绪产出之间的联系；(2)测试日常生活中经历的积极情绪是否以及如何通过(A)癌症预防行为的无意识动机的增加和(B)生物心理社会资源的增加，产生健康的心理倾向；以及(3)测试在18个月的随访中，积极的情绪和健康的心理倾向是否预测癌症预防行为的增加和持续的癌症预防行为和改善与健康相关的结果。这项拟议的研究在日常生活中通过密集重复的测量以及与健康相关的结果的生理、行为、内分泌和自我报告指数来测试新的螺旋上升模型。这一转化研究计划将重塑公共卫生干预措施，并释放隐藏的机会，大幅降低癌症发病率。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The American Cancer Society estimates that 62% of all cancers could be prevented altogether through lifestyle change. Despite good intentions, people's attempts to alter their behaviors known to increase cancer risk - related to diet, physica activity, tobacco and alcohol use - often fail, which ultimately increases their risks for various cancers. In response to NCI's Provocative Question 4, the overarching goal of the proposed research is to investigate the role of positive emotions in facilitating successful lifestyle chang, defined as long-term adherence to cancer- preventive behaviors (e.g., nutritious eating, physical activity, tobacco, and alcohol use). An innovative upward spiral model of lifestyle change integrates multiple streams of research in basic behavioral and brain sciences to position positive emotions as key active ingredients that not only seed non-conscious motivational pulls toward newly-adopted cancer-preventive behaviors, but also reshape key biopsychosocial resources in ways that increase the subsequent positive emotion yield of multiple cancer-preventive behaviors, creating a self- sustaining dynamic system. A longitudinal, dual-blind, placebo-controlled field experiment tests this new model by targeting three Specific Aims. These aims are: (1) to identify biopsychosocial resources that moderate the link between cancer-preventive behaviors and their positive emotion yield; (2) to test whether and how positive emotions, experienced in daily life, produce a psychological propensity for wellness through the combined presence of (a) increases in non-conscious motives for cancer-preventive behaviors and (b) increases in biopsychosocial resources; and (3) to test whether positive emotions and a psychological propensity for wellness predict increasing and sustained cancer-preventive behaviors and improved health-related outcomes at 18-month follow-up. The proposed study tests the novel upward spiral model in daily life with densely repeated measures and physiological, behavioral, endocrine, and self- report indices of health-related outcomes. This program of translational research stands to reshape public health interventions and unlock hidden opportunities to drastically reduce the incidence of cancer.