Nonconscious Affective and Physiological Mediators of Behavioral Decision Making

行为决策的无意识情感和生理调节因素

基本信息

批准号：
8413065
负责人：
BARBARA LEE FREDRICKSON
金额：
$ 47.91万
依托单位：
UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2013-05-01 至 2016-03-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8413065
关键词：
Adherence Adopted Affect Affective Alcohols American Cancer Society Attention Awareness Basic Science Behavior Behavioral Biological Brain Cardiac Carrots - dietary Cessation of life Chronic Chronic Disease Cognition Cognitive Conscious Data Decision Making Eating Emotional Evidence based intervention Experimental Designs Fostering Goals Health Health Promotion Incentives Incidence Individual Individual Differences Intervention Laboratories Learning Life Life Style Link Love Malignant Neoplasms Measures Mediating Mediator of activation protein Meditation Mental Depression Modeling Oxytocin Pain Personal Satisfaction Physiological Physiological Processes Positioning Attribute Process Psychophysiology Public Health Relative (related person)Research Resources Rest Risk Role Science Seeds Self-control as a personality trait Series Shapes Stream Stress System Testing Theoretical model Time Tobacco War Work biopsychosocial cancer risk clinical practice flexibility innovation middle age mindfulness meditation motivated behavior pleasure positive emotional state premature prevent programs psychologic public health relevance research study response theories trait

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The American Cancer Society estimates that 62% of all cancers could be prevented altogether through lifestyle change. Indeed, two of every five premature deaths in the U.S. can be linked to unhealthy and ultimately modifiable behavioral choices. Despite good intentions, people's attempts at midlife lifestyle change often fail, paving the way to increased cancer risk and other costly and life-limiting chronic conditions. The overarching goal of the proposed research is to investigate the role of positive emotions in facilitating successful lifestyle change, defined as healthy behavioral decisions repeated daily, or near daily. An innovative upward spiral model of lifestyle change integrates multiple streams of research in basic behavioral and brain sciences to position positive emotions as key active ingredients that not only seed nonconscious motivational pulls toward a newly-adopted wellness behavior, but also reshape key biopsychosocial resources in ways that increase the subsequent positive emotion yield of that behavior, creating a self-sustaining dynamic system. Four tightly- controlled laboratory experiments test this new model by targeting three Specific Aims. These aims are: (1) to test whether and how positive emotions and physical pleasures differentially create nonconscious cognitive and affective processes that mediate behavioral decisions; (2) to identify biopsychosocial resources that moderate the link between a wellness behavior and its positive emotion yield, and in turn create nonconscious motives for that behavior; and (3) to test whether nonconscious motives shape daily behavioral decisions, which in turn foster positive emotions that further augment nonconscious motives in an upward spiral dynamic. Studies 1 and 2 use a 3-group experimental design with concurrent behavioral and psychophysiological measures to compare and contrast behavioral decisions that ensue following positive emotions versus physical pleasures, targeting the mediating mechanisms of nonconscious motives (Study 1), and broadened cognition (Study 2). Studies 3 and 4 use a 2 X 2 experimental design to test whether the modifiable resources of positive valuation (Study 3) and oxytocin (Study 4) boost the positive emotion yield of wellness behavior, with attendant benefits for nonconscious motives and subsequent daily behavioral decisions. This program of basic research stands to reshape public health interventions and unlock hidden opportunities to drastically reduce the incidence of cancer and other costly chronic conditions.

描述（由申请人提供）：美国癌症协会估计，所有癌症中有62％可以通过改变生活方式来完全阻止。的确，美国每五次过早死亡中的两个可能与不健康的行为选择有关。尽管有良好的意图，但人们对中年生活方式改变的尝试往往失败，为增加癌症风险和其他昂贵和寿命寿命的慢性病铺平了道路。拟议的研究的总体目标是研究积极情绪在促进成功生活方式改变的作用，这定义为每天或每天都重复的健康行为决策。一种创新的生活方式变化的上升螺旋模型整合了基本行为和脑科学中的多种研究，将积极的情绪定位为关键的活跃成分，不仅种子无意识的动机朝着新近补习的健康行为迈进，而且还可以重塑关键的生物心理社会资源，以增加随后的积极情绪的方式，从而产生这种行为，从而产生一种自我自我的动态，使人能够自我启发。四个紧密控制的实验室实验通过针对三个特定目标测试了这一新模型。这些目的是：（1）测试是否以及如何产生积极的情绪和身体乐趣，从而差异化创造了无意识的认知和情感过程，以介导行为决策；（2）确定调节健康行为与其积极情绪屈服之间联系的生物心理社会资源，然后为该行为创造非意识的动机；（3）测试无意识的动机是否塑造了日常行为决策，从而促进了积极的情绪，从而进一步增强了向上螺旋动态的无意识动机。研究1和2使用3组实验设计，并采用并发的行为和心理生理措施来比较和对比的行为决策，这些决策随着积极的情绪与身体愉悦而随之而来的，针对非意识动机的中介机制（研究1），并扩大了认知（研究2）。研究3和4使用2 x 2的实验设计来测试阳性估值（研究3）和催产素（研究4）的可修改资源是否提高健康行为的积极情绪产量，并为非意识动机以及随后的日常行为决策带来伴随的益处。该基础研究计划旨在重塑公共卫生干预措施，并解锁隐藏的机会，以大大减少癌症的发生率和其他昂贵的慢性病。