Terrorism and Traumatic Responding: Exposure and Resiliency Factors

恐怖主义和创伤反应：暴露和复原力因素

• 批准号: 7263144
• 负责人: STEVAN HOBFOLL
• 金额: $ 53.7万
• 依托单位: KENT STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-01 至 2008-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7263144
• 关键词: Adopted; Advocate; Affect; Alcohol consumption; Alcohol or Other Drugs use; Arabs; Area; Authoritarianism; Behavior; Chemicals; Clinical; Development; Diagnosis; Disease; Distress; Education; Employee Strikes; Event; Exposure to; Future; Immigrant; Individual; Intervention; Interview; Israel; Jews; Lead; Measurement; Mental Depression; Mental disorders; Minority; Modeling; Multiple Trauma; Persons; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Population; Post-Traumatic Stress Disorders; Poverty; Process; Prospective Studies; Psychological Impact; Public Health; Reaction; Readiness; Recording of previous events; Religion and Spirituality; Research; Research Personnel; Resistance; Resources; Risk; Role; Sampling; Self Efficacy; Smoke; Smoking; Social support; Stress; Stressful Event; Surveys; Telephone; Terrorism; Time; Trauma; Violence; War; Work; base; coping; follower of religion Jewish; improved; innovation; interest; knowledge base; prospective; psychologic; psychological distress; response; social; social group; sound

DESCRIPTION (provided by investigator): With the worldwide rise of terrorism and the events of September 11th, there is increased interest in terrorism's psychological impact, and in particular, its relationship to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression, and general psychological distress, as well as unhealthy behavior (i.e., chemical use/abuse and smoking). This is a critical U.S. public health issue as planning and preparedness are called for in case of future terrorist events against U.S. targets. To date, studies have not examined the effects of multiple or ongoing terrorism and accordingly how people's resiliency and vulnerability contribute to psychological distress or to unhealthy behavior in response to multiple terrorist threats or strikes. Understanding major multiple traumas' impact is theoretically important as we need to conceptualize how these resiliency and vulnerability factors behave over time and multiple traumatic demands. We will conduct three studies in Israel. In Study I, 1,500 Jewish and Arab (Moslem and Christian) individuals will be surveyed prospectively by phone on three occasions, six months apart. This will allow examination of causal modeling regarding how terrorism impacts individuals over time. In Study 2, we will survey 1,000 individual Jews and Arabs every three-months for 24 months (i.e., n=8,000), with complete replacement (i.e., a new sample each 3 months). This will allow for more mesosocial representation of how terrorism impacts the population in general over time. In studies 1 and 2 we will examine (1) how terrorist events affect PTSD, depression, general psychological distress, and unhealthy behavior (i.e., chemical use/abuse, smoking), (2) whether resiliency factors continue to limit negative trauma sequalae when terrorism and threat of terrorism is ongoing, (3) whether vulnerability factors become increasingly negative in exacerbation of PTSD, depression, general psychological distress, and unhealthy behavior as terrorist events and threats of terrorism continue, and (4) how exposure to terrorism and subsequent PTSD, depression, and general psychological distress are, in turn, related to a defensive coping style, characterized by support for extreme political violence, authoritarianism, and ethnocentrism. In Study 3 we will interview 150 individuals (drawn from Study 2) by telephone and then in-person using standardized clinical interviews (50 Hebrew, 50 Russian, and 50 Arabic). This will enable examination of the validity of phone estimates of diagnosis of PTSD and depression, in particular.

描述（由研究者提供）：随着恐怖主义的全球崛起和9月11日的事件，人们对恐怖主义的心理影响越来越兴趣，尤其是它与创伤后应激障碍（PTSD），抑郁症和一般心理困扰以及不健康的行为以及不健康的行为（即化学使用/滥用和吸烟）的兴趣。这是美国的关键公共卫生问题，因为在未来针对美国目标的恐怖事件的情况下，要求计划和准备。迄今为止，研究尚未研究多种或正在进行的恐怖主义的影响，因此人们的韧性和脆弱性如何导致心理困扰或不健康的行为，以应对多种恐怖威胁或罢工。在理论上，了解主要的多重创伤的影响很重要，因为我们需要概念化这些弹性和脆弱性因素如何随着时间的流逝和多种创伤需求的行为。我们将在以色列进行三项研究。在研究I中，将通过三次（相距六个月）通过电话对1,500名犹太人和阿拉伯（穆斯林和基督教）个人进行前瞻性调查。这将允许研究有关恐怖主义如何随着时间影响个人的因果模型。在研究2中，我们将每三个月每三个月（即n = 8,000）调查1,000名个人犹太人和阿拉伯人，并完全替换（即每3个月一个新样本）。这将使恐怖主义随着时间的流逝如何影响人口如何影响人口。在研究1和2中，我们将研究（1）恐怖事件如何影响PTSD，抑郁，一般的心理困扰和不健康的行为（即化学使用/滥用，吸烟，吸烟），（2）弹性因素是否继续限制恐怖主义和恐怖主义的威胁时，恐怖主义的威胁和脆弱性因素是否越来越遭受恐惧和抑郁症的危险性，以及PERSISTIC的危险性和炎症性越来越多，PTSD的危险性和抑郁，PTSD越来越多。恐怖主义的威胁仍在继续，（4）恐怖主义和随后的PTSD，抑郁和一般心理困扰的暴露与防御性应对方式有关，其特征是支持极端政治暴力，威权主义和民族中心主义。在研究3中，我们将通过电话采访150个人（从研究2中绘制），然后使用标准化的临床访谈（50希伯来语，50俄语和50阿拉伯语）进行面对面。这将使手机诊断为PTSD和抑郁症的诊断有效性。