Terrorism and Traumatic Responding: Exposure and Resiliency Factors

恐怖主义和创伤反应：暴露和复原力因素

• 批准号: 7139454
• 负责人: STEVAN HOBFOLL
• 金额: $ 57.12万
• 依托单位: KENT STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-01 至 2010-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7139454
• 关键词: Arabs; Israel; Jewish; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical depression; clinical research; coping; death; disasters; drug abuse; health surveys; high risk behavior /lifestyle; human subject; interview; longitudinal human study; mental health epidemiology; patient oriented research; posttraumatic stress disorder; psychological shock; questionnaires; racial /ethnic difference; smoking; stress; telecommunications; time resolved data; violence

DESCRIPTION (provided by investigator): With the worldwide rise of terrorism and the events of September 11th, there is increased interest in terrorism's psychological impact, and in particular, its relationship to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression, and general psychological distress, as well as unhealthy behavior (i.e., chemical use/abuse and smoking). This is a critical U.S. public health issue as planning and preparedness are called for in case of future terrorist events against U.S. targets. To date, studies have not examined the effects of multiple or ongoing terrorism and accordingly how people's resiliency and vulnerability contribute to psychological distress or to unhealthy behavior in response to multiple terrorist threats or strikes. Understanding major multiple traumas' impact is theoretically important as we need to conceptualize how these resiliency and vulnerability factors behave over time and multiple traumatic demands. We will conduct three studies in Israel. In Study I, 1,500 Jewish and Arab (Moslem and Christian) individuals will be surveyed prospectively by phone on three occasions, six months apart. This will allow examination of causal modeling regarding how terrorism impacts individuals over time. In Study 2, we will survey 1,000 individual Jews and Arabs every three-months for 24 months (i.e., n=8,000), with complete replacement (i.e., a new sample each 3 months). This will allow for more mesosocial representation of how terrorism impacts the population in general over time. In studies 1 and 2 we will examine (1) how terrorist events affect PTSD, depression, general psychological distress, and unhealthy behavior (i.e., chemical use/abuse, smoking), (2) whether resiliency factors continue to limit negative trauma sequalae when terrorism and threat of terrorism is ongoing, (3) whether vulnerability factors become increasingly negative in exacerbation of PTSD, depression, general psychological distress, and unhealthy behavior as terrorist events and threats of terrorism continue, and (4) how exposure to terrorism and subsequent PTSD, depression, and general psychological distress are, in turn, related to a defensive coping style, characterized by support for extreme political violence, authoritarianism, and ethnocentrism. In Study 3 we will interview 150 individuals (drawn from Study 2) by telephone and then in-person using standardized clinical interviews (50 Hebrew, 50 Russian, and 50 Arabic). This will enable examination of the validity of phone estimates of diagnosis of PTSD and depression, in particular.

描述（由调查人员提供）：随着恐怖主义和9月11日事件在全球范围内的兴起，人们对恐怖主义的心理影响越来越感兴趣，特别是它与创伤后应激障碍（PTSD），抑郁症和一般心理困扰以及不健康行为（即，化学品使用/滥用和吸烟）。这是一个关键的美国公共卫生问题，因为需要进行规划和准备，以防未来针对美国目标的恐怖事件。迄今为止，研究尚未审查多重或持续的恐怖主义的影响，以及人们的弹性和脆弱性如何导致心理困扰或应对多重恐怖主义威胁或袭击的不健康行为。理解重大多重创伤的影响在理论上很重要，因为我们需要概念化这些弹性和脆弱性因素如何随着时间和多重创伤需求而表现。我们将在以色列进行三项研究。在研究I中，1,500名犹太人和阿拉伯人（穆斯林和基督徒）将接受三次电话调查，间隔六个月。这将有助于研究恐怖主义如何随着时间的推移影响个人的因果模型。在研究2中，我们将每三个月调查1,000名犹太人和阿拉伯人，持续24个月（即，n= 8，000），完全替换（即，每3个月取一份新样本）。这将使更多的中观社会代表恐怖主义如何影响一般人口随着时间的推移。在研究1和2中，我们将研究（1）恐怖事件如何影响创伤后应激障碍，抑郁症，一般心理困扰和不健康的行为（即，化学品使用/滥用，吸烟），（2）当恐怖主义和恐怖主义威胁持续时，复原力因素是否继续限制负面创伤后遗症，（3）当恐怖主义事件和恐怖主义威胁持续时，脆弱性因素是否在PTSD、抑郁、一般心理困扰和不健康行为的恶化中变得越来越负面，以及（4）暴露于恐怖主义和随后的PTSD、抑郁，一般的心理困扰，反过来，与防御性的应对方式，其特点是支持极端的政治暴力，独裁主义和种族中心主义。在研究3中，我们将通过电话采访150人（从研究2中抽取），然后使用标准化临床访谈（50名希伯来人，50名俄罗斯人和50名阿拉伯人）进行面对面访谈。这将使检查的有效性的电话估计的诊断创伤后应激障碍和抑郁症，特别是。