Terrorism and Traumatic Responding: Exposure and Resiliency Factors

恐怖主义和创伤反应：暴露和复原力因素

• 批准号: 7139454
• 负责人: STEVAN HOBFOLL
• 金额: $ 57.12万
• 依托单位: KENT STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-01 至 2010-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7139454
• 关键词: Arabs; Israel; Jewish; behavioral /social science research tag; clinical depression; clinical research; coping; death; disasters; drug abuse; health surveys; high risk behavior /lifestyle; human subject; interview; longitudinal human study; mental health epidemiology; patient oriented research; posttraumatic stress disorder; psychological shock; questionnaires; racial /ethnic difference; smoking; stress; telecommunications; time resolved data; violence

DESCRIPTION (provided by investigator): With the worldwide rise of terrorism and the events of September 11th, there is increased interest in terrorism's psychological impact, and in particular, its relationship to Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), depression, and general psychological distress, as well as unhealthy behavior (i.e., chemical use/abuse and smoking). This is a critical U.S. public health issue as planning and preparedness are called for in case of future terrorist events against U.S. targets. To date, studies have not examined the effects of multiple or ongoing terrorism and accordingly how people's resiliency and vulnerability contribute to psychological distress or to unhealthy behavior in response to multiple terrorist threats or strikes. Understanding major multiple traumas' impact is theoretically important as we need to conceptualize how these resiliency and vulnerability factors behave over time and multiple traumatic demands. We will conduct three studies in Israel. In Study I, 1,500 Jewish and Arab (Moslem and Christian) individuals will be surveyed prospectively by phone on three occasions, six months apart. This will allow examination of causal modeling regarding how terrorism impacts individuals over time. In Study 2, we will survey 1,000 individual Jews and Arabs every three-months for 24 months (i.e., n=8,000), with complete replacement (i.e., a new sample each 3 months). This will allow for more mesosocial representation of how terrorism impacts the population in general over time. In studies 1 and 2 we will examine (1) how terrorist events affect PTSD, depression, general psychological distress, and unhealthy behavior (i.e., chemical use/abuse, smoking), (2) whether resiliency factors continue to limit negative trauma sequalae when terrorism and threat of terrorism is ongoing, (3) whether vulnerability factors become increasingly negative in exacerbation of PTSD, depression, general psychological distress, and unhealthy behavior as terrorist events and threats of terrorism continue, and (4) how exposure to terrorism and subsequent PTSD, depression, and general psychological distress are, in turn, related to a defensive coping style, characterized by support for extreme political violence, authoritarianism, and ethnocentrism. In Study 3 we will interview 150 individuals (drawn from Study 2) by telephone and then in-person using standardized clinical interviews (50 Hebrew, 50 Russian, and 50 Arabic). This will enable examination of the validity of phone estimates of diagnosis of PTSD and depression, in particular.

描述（由调查员提供）：随着恐怖主义在世界范围内的兴起和 9 月 11 日的事件，人们对恐怖主义的心理影响越来越感兴趣，特别是它与创伤后应激障碍 (PTSD)、抑郁症和一般心理困扰以及不健康行为（即使用/滥用化学品和吸烟）的关系。这是美国的一个重要公共卫生问题，因为需要做好规划和准备，以防未来发生针对美国目标的恐怖事件。迄今为止，研究尚未考察多重或持续的恐怖主义的影响，以及人们的弹性和脆弱性如何导致心理困扰或在应对多重恐怖主义威胁或袭击时采取不健康行为。了解重大多重创伤的影响在理论上很重要，因为我们需要概念化这些弹性和脆弱性因素如何随着时间和多重创伤需求而表现。我们将在以色列进行三项研究。在研究 I 中，将通过电话对 1,500 名犹太人和阿拉伯人（穆斯林和基督徒）进行前瞻性调查，调查间隔六个月。这将允许检查关于恐怖主义如何随着时间的推移影响个人的因果模型。在研究 2 中，我们将每三个月调查 1,000 名犹太人和阿拉伯人，持续 24 个月（即 n=8,000），并进行完全替换（即每 3 个月一个新样本）。这将使恐怖主义随着时间的推移如何影响一般民众有更多的中社会代表性。在研究 1 和 2 中，我们将研究（1）恐怖事件如何影响 PTSD、抑郁、一般心理困扰和不健康行为（即化学品使用/滥用、吸烟），（2）当恐怖主义和恐怖主义威胁持续时，弹性因素是否继续限制负面创伤后遗症，（3）脆弱性因素是否随着恐怖事件和恐怖主义事件的加剧而变得越来越负面，导致 PTSD、抑郁、一般心理困扰和不健康行为加剧。 恐怖主义威胁持续存在，以及（4）接触恐怖主义以及随后的创伤后应激障碍、抑郁和一般心理困扰如何反过来与防御性应对方式相关，其特点是支持极端政治暴力、独裁主义和种族中心主义。在研究 3 中，我们将通过电话采访 150 人（取自研究 2），然后使用标准化临床访谈进行面对面采访（50 名希伯来语、50 名俄语和 50 名阿拉伯语）。这将能够检查电话估计诊断 PTSD 和抑郁症的有效性。