Implantable Microsystems for Human Neuroprosthesis

描述(申请人提供)：这份BRP赠款申请描述了一种开创性的、集成的轻量级神经运动假体微系统(NMP)，用于瘫痪人类：NMP使用神经活动作为运行辅助设备的机器的直接输出。为了实现这一目标，我们组建了一个跨学科团队，成员包括神经科学(Donoghue)和工程学(Nurmikko)的领导者，以及布朗大学的计算机科学(Black)和布朗和马萨诸塞州总医院(Hochberg)的神经学/神经外科；来自神经技术公司控制论公司(CKI)的NMP设计、开发、制造和商业化专家；以及克利夫兰FES中心/凯斯西部大学(H.Peckham/R.Kirsch)的神经假体开发和人类应用专家。我们将开发一种集成和可植入的微电子神经传感器系统，该系统具有芯片上的信号处理和宽带经皮无线传输能力。高性能微系统结合了尖端的超低功率微电子技术，设计为技术灵活和模块化，使其能够扩展到日益复杂的神经信号提取和操作。它的部件嵌入了用于自动校准和设置的自适应处理器，这些处理器利用Brown目前正在开发的神经解码算法来提供稳定的、多用途的输出信号。微系统植入物将首先在动物模型(猴子的运动皮质)中进行测试，以确定有效性、生物兼容性和生物稳定性。我们将把从正在进行的和未来的人体试验患者那里获得的学习输入到目前的经皮布线系统中，以建立人类NMP操作的原则，以适应可植入微系统的设计，学习在NMP使用中的作用，以及人类NMP控制的限制。我们将遵循联邦监管途径，在开发用于人类患者的辅助技术的同时，获得NMP微系统的批准。这项BRP赠款的最终目标是实现在人类患者身上长期植入和测试新的微系统。这项BRP提案的最终愿景和指导思想是发展技术基础设施，以实现更长期的目标，即系统恢复失去脊髓与运动皮质连接的肢体的半自主、闭环、分布式反馈控制。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This BRP grant application describes a pioneering, integrated lightweight neuromotor prosthetic microsystem (NMP) for paralyzed humans: NMPs use neural activity as a direct output to machines that run assistive devices. To meet this goal we have assembled an interdisciplinary team that combines leaders in neuroscience (Donoghue) and engineering (Nurmikko), with support from computer science (Black) at Brown University and neurology/neurosurgery at Brown and at Massachusetts General Hospital (Hochberg); experts in NMP design, development, manufacturing and commercialization from Cybernetics, Inc. (CKI), a neurotechnology company; and experts in neural prosthesis development and human application at the Cleveland FES center/Case Western University (H. Peckham/R. Kirsch). We will develop an integrated and implantable microelectronic neurosensor system that features on-chip signal processing and wide bandwidth transcutaneous wireless transmission capabilities. The high performance microsystem incorporates cutting-edge ultralow power microelectronics and is designed to be technologically flexible and modular, to enable scaling to increasingly complex neural signal extraction and manipulation. Its components imbed adaptive processors for automated calibration and set-up which exploit neural decoding algorithms, currently being developed at Brown, to provide a stable, multipurpose output signal. The microsystem implant will be first tested in animal models (motor cortex of monkeys) to establish efficacy, biocompatibility and biostability. We will input learning acquired from ongoing and future human trial patients with the present percutaneous cabling system to establish principles of human NMP operation for adapting the implantable microsystem design, the role of learning in NMP use, and the limits of human NMP control. We will pursue the federal regulatory pathways to gain approval for the NMP microsystem while developing the assistive technology for human patients. The end goal of this BRP grant is to achieve the implantation and testing of the new microsystem chronically in a human patient. t ' The ultimate vision and guiding light for this BRP proposal is to develop the technological infrastructure to achieve a longer term goal, namely system is the restoration of semi-autonomous, closed-loop, distributed- feedback control of a limb that has lost spinal cord connection to the motor cortex.