Static and Dynamic Organization of Primate Motor Cortex

灵长类运动皮层的静态和动态组织

• 批准号: 9084617
• 负责人: JOHN P DONOGHUE
• 金额: $ 49.86万
• 依托单位: BROWN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1987
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1987-07-01 至 2018-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9084617
• 关键词: Address; Algorithms; Area; Behavior; Brain; Breathing; Cells; Code; Cognitive; Complex; Conflict (Psychology); Cues; Data; Development; Distal; Dorsal; Electric Stimulation; Ensure; Fingers; Goals; Hand; Human; Implant; Individual; Joints; Judgment; Knowledge; Learning; Limb structure; Link; Location; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Monkeys; Motion; Motor; Motor Cortex; Movement; Nature; Neurons; Outcome; Paralysed; Pathway interactions; Population; Population Dynamics; Primates; Process; Research; Robotics; Role; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Source; Staging; Stream; Technology; Testing; Touch sensation; Training; Translating; Upper Extremity; Visual; Wrist; arm; brain computer interface; flexibility; frontal lobe; grasp; information processing; kinematics; multi-electrode arrays; novel strategies; object shape; operation; optogenetics; relating to nervous system; response; sensory feedback; signal processing; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The long-term goals of my research are (1) to understand how cortical networks flexibly compute actions from sensory and cognitive signals and (2) to use this knowledge to develop brain computer interfaces (BCIs) that restore the ability to perform useful actions to humans with paralysis. The specific objective of this project is to determine how interconnected networks of neurons in the premotor and motor cortex compute reach and grasp actions from different types of signals. Dorsal premotor (PMd) and ventral premotor (PMv) areas of frontal cortex appear to represent separate processing streams that converge on primary motor cortex (MI) where reach and grasp are unified. This interacting circuit appears to generate commands for actions by dynamically linking various cues to specific arm and hand actions, but studies conflict on the nature of the signals processed, the types of sensorimotor transforms performed, or their roles in arm and hand movement. The present study introduces several new approaches to understand how the collective dynamics of these cortical networks provide a flexible substrate to link different signals and actions. Chronically implanted multi-electrode arrays implanted in PMv, PMd and MI and full upper limb motion capture will be used to simultaneously record neuronal spiking (192 channels) and measure the actions of the arm, wrist and fingers while monkeys perform tasks in different contexts. Context will be varied by training monkeys to perform four tasks that differ in the signals used for to guide arm actions: (1) using ongoing sensory feedback to capture a swinging object, (2) planning different grasp types from visual cues, (3) planning different goals for reach (either point or grasp), (3) making a perceptual judgments to determine grasp-type. Context-dependent changes will be measured in single cell responses and population representation (SA1) and in network functional connectivity (SA2) in PMv, PMd and MI simultaneously recorded for each task. Recording two or more contexts within single sessions will allow direct comparison of the same ensembles to determine how context modifies coding in single neurons, how population models generalize across contexts, and how networks combine various signals to achieve coordinated reach and grasp. We will address the hypothesis that PMv and PMd form separate information processing channels by comparing neural coding features and context sensitivity between areas. Finally, SA3 will test the requirement for specific sensorimotor computations by disrupting processing in these networks using emerging, highly-selective optogenetic methods or electrical stimulation. These studies will reveal mechanisms by which cortical circuits perform sensorimotor transformations and flexibly link groups of neurons to generate voluntary behavior. In addition, they will help to determine whether signals available in premotor areas, as well as MI, can provide useful sources for BCI command signals. Such signals could allow people with paralysis to regain complex functions like reach and grasp through robotic limbs that could operate usefully across a range of contexts.

描述（由申请人提供）：我研究的长期目标是（1）了解皮层网络如何灵活地计算来自感觉和认知信号的动作，以及（2）利用这些知识开发脑机接口（BCI），以恢复瘫痪人类执行有用动作的能力。该项目的具体目标是确定前运动皮层和运动皮层中神经元的互连网络如何计算来自不同类型信号的触及和抓取动作。额叶皮层的背侧前运动区 (PMd) 和腹侧前运动区 (PMv) 似乎代表独立的处理流，这些处理流汇聚到初级运动皮层 (MI)，在初级运动皮层 (MI) 中，触及和抓握是统一的。这种交互电路似乎通过动态地将各种线索链接到特定的手臂和手部动作来生成动作命令，但研究了处理信号的性质、执行的感觉运动转换的类型或其在手臂和手部运动中的作用的冲突。本研究引入了几种新方法来理解这些皮质网络的集体动态如何提供灵活的基础来链接不同的信号和动作。长期植入 PMv、PMd 和 MI 中的多电极阵列以及全上肢运动捕捉将用于同时记录神经元尖峰（192 个通道）并测量猴子在不同环境中执行任务时手臂、手腕和手指的动作。通过训练猴子执行四个任务来改变用于指导手臂动作的信号：（1）使用持续的感觉反馈来捕捉摆动的物体，（2）根据视觉提示规划不同的抓握类型，（3）规划不同的到达目标（点或抓握），（3）做出感知判断以确定抓握类型。将在针对每个任务同时记录的 PMv、PMd 和 MI 中的单细胞反应和群体表征 (SA1) 以及网络功能连接 (SA2) 中测量上下文相关的变化。在单个会话中记录两个或多个上下文将允许直接比较相同的集合，以确定上下文如何修改单个神经元中的编码，群体模型如何跨上下文泛化，以及网络如何组合各种信号以实现协调的到达和掌握。我们将通过比较区域之间的神经编码特征和上下文敏感性来解决 PMv 和 PMd 形成独立信息处理通道的假设。 最后，SA3 将通过使用新兴的、高度选择性的光遗传学方法或电刺激破坏这些网络中的处理来测试特定感觉运动计算的要求。这些研究将揭示皮层回路执行感觉运动转换并灵活连接神经元组以产生自愿行为的机制。此外，它们将有助于确定运动前区域以及 MI 中可用的信号是否可以为 BCI 命令信号提供有用的来源。这些信号可以让瘫痪的人重新获得复杂的功能，比如通过机器人肢体进行接触和抓握，这些机器人肢体可以在各种情况下发挥作用。

项目成果

Advantages of closed-loop calibration in intracortical brain-computer interfaces for people with tetraplegia.

对于四肢瘫痪患者，在心脏内脑机构界面中闭环校准的优点。

• DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/10/4/046012
• 发表时间: 2013-08
• 期刊: Journal of neural engineering
• 影响因子: 4
• 作者: Jarosiewicz B;Masse NY;Bacher D;Cash SS;Eskandar E;Friehs G;Donoghue JP;Hochberg LR
• 通讯作者: Hochberg LR

Reconstructing grasping motions from high-frequency local field potentials in primary motor cortex.

• DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2010.5626228
• 发表时间: 2010
• 期刊: Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. Annual International Conference
• 作者: Zhuang J;Truccolo W;Vargas-Irwin C;Donoghue JP
• 通讯作者: Donoghue JP

Decoding 3-D reach and grasp kinematics from high-frequency local field potentials in primate primary motor cortex.

从灵长类动物原发性运动皮层中的高频局部田间电位中解码3-D覆盖范围并掌握了运动学。

• DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2010.2047015
• 发表时间: 2010-07
• 期刊: IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering
• 作者: Zhuang J;Truccolo W;Vargas-Irwin C;Donoghue JP
• 通讯作者: Donoghue JP

Reliability of directional information in unsorted spikes and local field potentials recorded in human motor cortex.

人类运动皮层中记录的未分类尖峰和局部场电位的方向信息的可靠性

• DOI: 10.1088/1741-2560/11/4/046007
• 发表时间: 2014-08
• 期刊: Journal of neural engineering
• 影响因子: 4
• 作者: Perge JA;Zhang S;Malik WQ;Homer ML;Cash S;Friehs G;Eskandar EN;Donoghue JP;Hochberg LR
• 通讯作者: Hochberg LR

Sensors and decoding for intracortical brain computer interfaces.

• DOI: 10.1146/annurev-bioeng-071910-124640
• 发表时间: 2013
• 期刊: Annual review of biomedical engineering
• 影响因子: 9.7
• 作者: Homer ML;Nurmikko AV;Donoghue JP;Hochberg LR
• 通讯作者: Hochberg LR