Implantable Microsystems for Human Neuroprosthesis

描述（由申请人提供）：该BRP拨款申请描述了一种用于瘫痪人类的开创性，集成轻量级神经运动假肢微系统（NMP）： NMP使用神经活动作为运行辅助设备的机器的直接输出。为了实现这一目标，我们组建了一个跨学科的团队，其中包括神经科学（Donoghue）和工程学（Nurmikko）的领导者，并得到了布朗大学计算机科学（Black）和布朗大学和马萨诸塞州总医院（Hochberg）的神经病学/神经外科的支持；神经技术公司Cybernetics， Inc. （CKI）的NMP设计、开发、制造和商业化专家；以及克利夫兰FES中心/凯斯西大学(H. Peckham/R。Kirsch)。我们将开发一种集成的可植入的微电子神经传感器系统，该系统具有片上信号处理和宽带经皮无线传输能力。高性能微系统结合了尖端的超低功耗微电子技术，设计为技术灵活和模块化，能够扩展到日益复杂的神经信号提取和操作。它的组件嵌入了自适应处理器，用于自动校准和设置，利用布朗大学目前正在开发的神经解码算法，提供稳定的多用途输出信号。微系统植入将首先在动物模型（猴子的运动皮层）中进行测试，以确定其功效、生物相容性和生物稳定性。我们将输入从目前的经皮布线系统的正在进行和未来的人体试验患者中获得的学习，以建立适应可植入微系统设计的人类NMP操作原则，学习在NMP使用中的作用，以及人类NMP控制的局限性。我们将通过联邦监管途径获得NMP微系统的批准，同时为人类患者开发辅助技术。这项BRP拨款的最终目标是实现在人类患者体内长期植入和测试新的微系统。“这项BRP提案的最终愿景和指导方针是发展技术基础设施，以实现更长期的目标，即系统是恢复半自主，闭环，分布式反馈控制的肢体，失去了与运动皮层的脊髓连接。”

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This BRP grant application describes a pioneering, integrated lightweight neuromotor prosthetic microsystem (NMP) for paralyzed humans: NMPs use neural activity as a direct output to machines that run assistive devices. To meet this goal we have assembled an interdisciplinary team that combines leaders in neuroscience (Donoghue) and engineering (Nurmikko), with support from computer science (Black) at Brown University and neurology/neurosurgery at Brown and at Massachusetts General Hospital (Hochberg); experts in NMP design, development, manufacturing and commercialization from Cybernetics, Inc. (CKI), a neurotechnology company; and experts in neural prosthesis development and human application at the Cleveland FES center/Case Western University (H. Peckham/R. Kirsch). We will develop an integrated and implantable microelectronic neurosensor system that features on-chip signal processing and wide bandwidth transcutaneous wireless transmission capabilities. The high performance microsystem incorporates cutting-edge ultralow power microelectronics and is designed to be technologically flexible and modular, to enable scaling to increasingly complex neural signal extraction and manipulation. Its components imbed adaptive processors for automated calibration and set-up which exploit neural decoding algorithms, currently being developed at Brown, to provide a stable, multipurpose output signal. The microsystem implant will be first tested in animal models (motor cortex of monkeys) to establish efficacy, biocompatibility and biostability. We will input learning acquired from ongoing and future human trial patients with the present percutaneous cabling system to establish principles of human NMP operation for adapting the implantable microsystem design, the role of learning in NMP use, and the limits of human NMP control. We will pursue the federal regulatory pathways to gain approval for the NMP microsystem while developing the assistive technology for human patients. The end goal of this BRP grant is to achieve the implantation and testing of the new microsystem chronically in a human patient. t ' The ultimate vision and guiding light for this BRP proposal is to develop the technological infrastructure to achieve a longer term goal, namely system is the restoration of semi-autonomous, closed-loop, distributed- feedback control of a limb that has lost spinal cord connection to the motor cortex.