Development Of Cognitive Activation Tasks For Functional

我们已经开发了各种任务来激活功能神经成像研究中的感兴趣区域。 1.为了检验情景记忆功能中回忆和熟悉之间的区别，我们开发了一项使用视觉场景的任务，该任务可靠地在控制中诱发基于熟悉的错误。 2.我们评估了儿茶酚-O-甲基转移酶(COMT)基因在功能性磁共振成像(FMRI)事件相关研究中的作用，该研究评估了认知控制在不同条件下对所谓侧翼任务的干扰的影响。 3.采用正电子发射断层扫描脑血流图(Positron Emit Tomography Car Blow，PET CBF)方法，设计了一套精心匹配的词汇流利性任务，考察了精神分裂症患者的语义加工、思维障碍和神经生理学之间的关系。我们发现下前额叶皮质(PFC)中的一个区域在语义流畅性方面更活跃，并与精神分裂症的一种经典症状--思维障碍--相关。 4.我们正在使用一种新颖的更新任务，该任务允许通过要求在每个试验中对单个或多个帧进行操作来参数地改变“更新量”。这项技术将使我们能够检查在背外侧前额叶皮质中是否存在负荷和延迟之间的相互作用，以及这种相互作用如何以及是否可能涉及前额叶皮质内的不同分区。 5.我们正在探索功能性COMT val158met多态在进行一种新的注意控制任务时对前扣带回的影响。这项任务将使我们能够比较等位基因效应，Val/Val，Val/Met和Met/Met对额叶皮质的信噪比和多巴胺能张力的影响。据推测，MET负荷增强了多巴胺能效应，从而可能反过来提高扣带回皮质内局部回路处理的效率及其在注意控制中的功能。 6.我们进行了一项研究，旨在通过使用语义三元决策任务来研究下前额叶皮质(IPFC)在fMRI中的作用。在对刺激的含义做出决定时，IPFC对于处理相互竞争的语义信息至关重要。IPFC在这一进程中的具体作用尚不清楚，无论它是维持还是创建一个语义组织结构。 7.我们进行了一项事件相关功能磁共振成像(FMRI)研究，采用了一项优先涉及干扰监测和抑制或反应抑制的任务。我们的发现比较了两种情况，这两种情况表明，在反应抑制期间，双侧前外侧前额叶皮质、腹外侧额叶皮质和顶叶皮质的激活程度更高，而在干扰监测和抑制期间，背扣带回的激活程度更高，这一发现扩展了先前的发现，提出了支持认知控制的皮质网络中的区域功能专门化。

We have developed a variety of tasks to activate regions of interest in functional neuroimaging studies. 1. To examine the distinction between recall and familiarity in episodic memory function we have developed a task using visual scenes that reliably induces familiarity based errors in controls. 2. We assessed the role of Catecol-O-methyltransferase(COMT) genotype in a functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) event related study which gauged the effects of cognitive control on various conditions involving interference in the so called flanker task. 3. We developed a carefully matched set of verbal fluency tasks to examine the relation between semantic processing, thought disorder, and neurophysiology in schizophrenia using PET CBF (Positron Emission Tomography Cerebral Blood Flow) methods. We found an area in inferior prefrontal cortex (PFC) that was more activated in semantic fluency and correlated with a classic symptom of schizophrenia -- thought disorder. 4. We are using a novel updating task which allows the amount of "updating" to be varied parametrically by demanding operations on single or multiple frames within each trial. This technique will allow us to examine whether there is an interaction between load and delay in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and how and whether such interactions may engage different subdivisions within the prefrontal cortex. 5. We are exploring the effects of the functional COMT val158met polymorphism on anterior cingulate while engaged in a novel attentional control task. The task will allow us to compare the allelic effect, val/val, val/met, and met/met on signal-to-noise ratio and dopaminergic tone in the frontal cortex. It is presumed that the met load enhances the dopaminergic effect which may in turn improve the efficiency of the local circuit processing within the cingulate cortex and its function during attentional control. 6. We performed a study aimed at investigating the role of the inferior prefrontal cortex (IPFC) by using a semantic triadic decision-making task during fMRI. The IPFC is critical for processing competing semantic information when making a decision about the meaning of a stimulus. The specific role of the IPFC in this process is unclear, whether it is maintaining or creating a semantic organizational structure. 7. We conducted an event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study using a task preferentially involving interference monitoring and suppression or response inhibition. Our findings compared the two conditions which indicated greater activation bilaterally in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, ventrolateral prefrontal cortex and parietal cortex during response inhibition and greater activation in the dorsal cingulate during interference monitoring and suppression extending previous findings by suggesting regional functional specialization within a cortical network supporting cognitive control.