DIET, PHYSICAL ACTIVITY, AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN AIR POLLUTION AND CVD

饮食、体力活动以及空气污染与心血管疾病之间的关系

• 批准号: 7730451
• 负责人: Francine Laden
• 金额: $ 47.5万
• 依托单位: BRIGHAM AND WOMEN'S HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-07-01 至 2013-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7730451
• 关键词: Accounting; Acute; Adverse effects; Aerosols; Air Pollution; Alcohol consumption; American Cancer Society; Area; Behavior Therapy; Caliber; Cardiac; Cardiovascular Diseases; Cardiovascular system; Chronic; Cities; Cohort Studies; Complex; Country; Data; Diabetes Mellitus; Diet; Environmental Policy; Evaluation; Exposure to; Follow-Up Studies; Gender; General Population; Health; Health Professional; Intake; Knowledge; Life; Life Style; Longitudinal Studies; Metabolic; Modeling; Modification; Monitor; Nurses' Health Study; Nutrient; Obesity; Optics; Outcome; Participant; Particulate; Particulate Matter; Pattern; Physical activity; Population; Positioning Attribute; Prevention strategy; Public Health; Relative (related person); Rest; Risk; Role; Seminal; Smoking; Source; Subgroup; Time; Update; Vitamins; Woman; age difference; cohort; diabetic; follow-up; improved; insight; lifestyle factors; male health; men; mortality; non-smoker; non-smoking; novel; prospective; public health relevance; trafficking

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Adverse effects associated with acute air pollution exposures have been well-studied; however evidence of chronic exposure effects has been limited. The Harvard Six Cities Study and the American Cancer Society Study are the seminal studies of long-term exposure to air pollution, and both found an increased risk of mortality associated with long-term exposure to particulates. A few recent studies have also shown an association between adverse health outcomes and chronic particulate exposure, even as particulate levels have decreased over time in many areas of the US. However, there are still important gaps in our current knowledge regarding the relative contribution of different size fractions of particulate matter (PM). Effect modification by life style and the identification of susceptible subgroups has been understudied. Answers to these questions would inform targeted public health prevention strategies, as well as environmental policy. In the Nurses' Health Study (NHS), a large prospective cohort study of US women, we have observed increased risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality with increasing exposure to PM less than 10 microns in diameter (PM10) among the participants residing in the Northeastern US. These risks were the strongest in obese non-smoking women. In this application we will extend these analyses to include the entire continental US, examine different size fractions of PM (fine [PM2.5] and coarse [PM10-2.5]), evaluate the role of diet and other modifiers on the observed risks, and add in the Health Professional Follow-up (HPFS) Study, a prospective cohort of US men. Diet and physical activity have been shown to be important predictors of cardiovascular disease, and recent studies have suggested that vitamins and nutrients may protect against many of the adverse effects of air pollution. Patterns of distribution in physical activity around the country may have a complex relationship with spatial patterns in air pollution. Therefore, there is much to understand about the potential correlation and/or interaction of physical activity with air pollution. Also, there is strong evidence that there are likely susceptible sub-groups, such as diabetics, the obese, nonsmokers, etc. Due to the extensive prospective information on diet, physical activity, and other lifestyle factors in these two large cohorts, we are in a unique position to explore the impact of a healthy lifestyle on the association of air pollution with cardiovascular mortality. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Particulate matter (PM) attributable to traffic and other combustion sources have been associated with cardiac-related health outcomes and overall mortality. We anticipate that the results of this project will provide novel and comprehensive insights into the effects of chronic exposure to particulates and the relevant size fractions. We also aim to identify susceptible subpopulations and important effect modifiers of the association. These issues are of great public health importance due to the large proportion of the general population exposed to particulate matter.

描述（由申请人提供）：与急性空气污染暴露相关的不良影响已得到充分研究;然而，慢性暴露影响的证据有限。哈佛六城市研究和美国癌症协会研究是长期暴露于空气污染的开创性研究，两者都发现长期暴露于颗粒物会增加死亡风险。最近的一些研究也表明，不良健康结果与慢性颗粒物暴露之间存在关联，尽管美国许多地区的颗粒物水平随着时间的推移而下降。然而，仍然有重要的差距，在我们目前的知识有关的相对贡献的不同粒径的颗粒物（PM）。生活方式和易感亚群的识别对效应的影响尚未得到充分研究。对这些问题的回答将为有针对性的公共卫生预防战略和环境政策提供信息。在护士健康研究（NHS）中，一项针对美国女性的大型前瞻性队列研究，我们观察到居住在美国东北部的参与者中，随着暴露于直径小于10微米（PM10）的PM的增加，全因和心血管死亡率的风险增加。这些风险在肥胖的非吸烟女性中最强。在本申请中，我们将扩展这些分析，以包括整个美国大陆，检查PM的不同粒度（细[PM2.5]和粗[PM10-2.5]），评估饮食和其他修饰剂对观察到的风险的作用，并加入健康专业随访（HPFS）研究，一个前瞻性的美国男性队列。饮食和身体活动已被证明是心血管疾病的重要预测因素，最近的研究表明，维生素和营养素可以防止空气污染的许多不利影响。全国各地体力活动的分布格局可能与空气污染的空间格局有着复杂的关系。因此，关于身体活动与空气污染的潜在相关性和/或相互作用，还有很多需要了解。此外，有强有力的证据表明，有可能易感的亚组，如糖尿病患者，肥胖，不吸烟者等，由于广泛的前瞻性信息的饮食，体育活动，和其他生活方式的因素，在这两个大的队列，我们是在一个独特的位置，探索健康的生活方式对空气污染与心血管死亡率的关联的影响。公共卫生相关性：可归因于交通和其他燃烧源的颗粒物（PM）与心脏相关的健康结果和总体死亡率相关。我们预计，该项目的结果将提供新的和全面的见解慢性暴露于颗粒物和相关的尺寸分数的影响。我们还旨在确定易感亚群和重要的影响修饰剂的协会。由于大部分普通人群暴露于颗粒物，这些问题具有重大的公共卫生意义。