DEVELOPMENT OF DIFFUSE OPTICS FOR BREAST CANCER IMAGING AND MONITORING

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中利用 资源由NIH/NCRR资助的中心拨款提供。子项目和 调查员(PI)可能从NIH的另一个来源获得了主要资金， 并因此可以在其他清晰的条目中表示。列出的机构是 该中心不一定是调查人员的机构。 乳腺癌是全世界女性中最常见的癌症之一。为了降低死亡率 乳腺癌的发病率，在筛查、诊断和治疗领域的显著改善 癌症治疗监测势在必行。漫反射光学成像和光谱学方法 承诺为这些应用程序提供新的工具。光学方法利用非电离辐射 (例如红光到红外线)，无创或微创，技术上便宜 简单快捷。这些方法基于功能流程提供了几个独特的参数 在有可能提高乳腺肿瘤敏感性和特异性的组织中。组织光学 吸收系数提供了血液动力学、总血红蛋白浓度、血液 血氧饱和度、水分浓度和脂肪含量。这些组织属性通常是 在快速生长的肿瘤中有很大的不同；例如，高浓度的血红蛋白 低氧饱和度提示肿瘤由于其高代谢而迅速生长 需求和(有时)较差的血流灌注。在不同的脉络中，细胞器数量的增加， 尤其是线粒体或细胞核，有时伴随着较高的代谢活动 快速生长的肿瘤，并导致肿瘤的光学散射系数增加。 最后，外源性造影剂的光吸收、荧光和散射占据 血管和血管外空间也提供了有用的敏化形式。沿着这些思路， 乳房漫反射光学成像的进展对于开发该领域的进展至关重要 新一代医学发展前景广阔的新兴医学领域--分子成像 造影剂。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers among women worldwide. To lower the death rate due to breast cancer, significant improvements in the areas of screening, diagnosis, and therapy monitoring of cancer are imperative. Diffuse optical imaging and spectroscopy methods promise new tools for these applications. The optical methods utilize non-ionizing radiation (e.g. red to infrared light), are non-invasive or minimally-invasive, are inexpensive, technologically simple and fast. These methods provide several unique parameters based on functional processes in tissues with potential to enhance breast tumor sensitivity and specificity. Tissue optical absorption coefficients provide access to blood dynamics, total hemoglobin concentration, blood oxygen saturation, water concentration and lipid content. These tissue properties are often substantially different in rapidly growing tumors; for example, high concentrations of hemoglobin with low oxygen saturation are suggestive of rapidly growing tumors due to their high metabolic demand and (sometimes) poor perfusion. In a different vein, an increase in organelle population, particularly mitochondria or nuclei, sometimes accompanies the higher metabolic activity of the rapidly growing tumor, and leads to an increase of optical scattering coefficients for the tumor. Finally, optical absorption, fluorescence, and scattering of exogenous contrast agents that occupy vascular and extravascular space also provide useful forms of sensitization. Along these lines, advances in diffuse optical imaging of breast are critical for exploitation of advances in the field of Molecular Imaging, an emerging area of medicine promising development of new generation contrast agents.