Environmental Effects On Fertility

环境对生育力的影响

• 批准号: 8336553
• 负责人: DONNA D. BAIRD
• 金额: $ 12.93万
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8336553
• 关键词: Affect; Age; Agriculture; Area; Book Chapters; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Characteristics; Collection; Conceptus; Data; Development; Enrollment; Estrogens; Female; Fertility; Fertility Study; Goals; Health; Hemorrhage; Hormonal Change; Hormones; Human Chorionic Gonadotropin; Interview; Investigation; Measurement; Measures; Menarche; Menopause; Methods; Outcome; Outcome Measure; Pain; Patient Self-Report; Pilot Projects; Pregnancy; Pregnancy Tests; Progesterone; Published Comment; Publishing; Reporting; Reproducibility; Reproduction; Reproductive Process; Research; Resources; Sampling; Sampling Studies; Sister; Specimen; Spontaneous abortion; Steroids; Time; Urine; Validity of Self Report; Woman; Women' s Health; Work; age related; birth control; bisphenol A; design; early life exposure; interest; mullerian-inhibiting hormone; pesticide exposure; phthalates; pregnant; primary outcome; prospective; reproductive; reproductive hormone; stability testing; toxicant

Data from the Early Pregnancy Study (EPS) (A.Wilcox, PI) provide a resource for ongoing research into reproductive hormones, fertility, & early pregnancy. During field work for this study in 1982-1985, women enrolled at the time they stopped using birth control in order to conceive. We followed them through their 8th week of pregnancy. They collected daily first morning urine specimens and these were analyzed for human chorionic gonadotropin and steroid metabolites. Women with known fertility problems were excluded, so the sample represents normal unassisted reproduction. We conducted a pilot study to test the stability of hormones in urines stored from the Early Pregnancy Study. A subsample of urine specimens from the EPS have been analyzed for phthalates, and bisphenol A to see if those toxicants can be evaluated in these stored samples. Analysis shows similar distributions of these toxicants as reported for more recently-collected samples and similar within-woman reproducibility measures. This supports analysis of specimens from the complete EPS study in order to examine the relationship between these exposures and fertility and early pregnancy. We have designed the further exposure outcome analysis and further specimens have been sent to the CDC for analysis. We also would like to look further at hormonal changes during early pregnancy with the EPS urines, but do not know how well they can be measured after long-term storage. We collected a sample of new daily urine specimens during early pregnancy to serve as a reference to evaluate the quality of hormone data from the stored samples. Estrogen and progesterone metabolite as well as hCG measurements from a sample of the stored urines will be compared to these hormones measured in newly collected urine samples. We enrolled 44 women, 26 of whom became pregnant and collected daily first morning urine specimens. Urine samples from the new collection and stored EPS samples are being analyzed for estrogen and progesterone metabolites as well as for hCG by Jim Kesner at NIOSH. There is methodologic interest in quality of self-reported reproductive data, and there have been several efforts to evaluate the validity of such reports. We have evaluated the validity of self-reported cycle characteristics by comparing interview data to prospective daily recording of menstrual bleeding and pain. We have also examined the validity of self-report of bleeding during pregnancy. In another methodologic project, we are using available data to determine how well women can report the timing of their positive pregnancy test. Bias arises in spontaneous abortion & time-to-pregnancy studies when comparing exposed and unexposed groups that differ in timing of pregnancy testing. Those who tend to have delayed pregnancy testing will recognize fewer spontaneous abortions, and they will have longer times to pregnancy. I have done a comprehensive review of female fecundabilty studies (to be published as a book chapter in a new edition of Women & Health. We continue our research into factors affecting fertility. We are looking at pesticide exposure using data from the Agricultural Health Study. In addition, we have a special interest in female age-related decline in fertility. An ongoing prospective time-to-pregnancy study is providing data on antimullerian hormone as a potential marker of fecundability. The potential for this hormone to be used as an ancillary or primary outcome measure for studies of female fecundability needs further investigation, and the need for this new area of investigation has been presented in a commentary. We have examined the effects of early life exposures on both age of menarche and age of menopause using data from the Sister Study.

来自早孕研究(EPS)(A.Wilcox，PI)的数据为正在进行的生殖激素、生育和早孕研究提供了资源。在1982-1985年这项研究的实地工作期间，妇女在停止使用节育措施以怀孕的时候登记。我们跟踪他们，直到他们怀孕8周。他们收集了每天第一个早晨的尿样，并对这些样本进行了人类绒毛膜促性腺激素和类固醇代谢物的分析。已知有生育问题的女性被排除在外，因此样本代表了正常的无辅助生殖。我们进行了一项初步研究，以测试从怀孕早期研究中储存的尿液中激素的稳定性。 来自EPS的尿样的一个子样本已经分析了邻苯二甲酸盐和双酚A，看看这些储存的样本中是否可以评估这些有毒物质。分析表明，这些毒物的分布与最近收集的样本和类似的妇女内部再生性措施报告的分布相似。这支持了对完整的EPS研究样本的分析，以检查这些暴露与生育和早孕之间的关系。我们已经设计了进一步的暴露结果分析，并已将更多的样本送往疾控中心进行分析。 我们还想通过EPS尿液进一步观察怀孕早期的荷尔蒙变化，但不知道长期储存后它们的测量结果有多好。我们收集了怀孕早期新的每日尿液样本，作为评估储存样本中激素数据质量的参考。从储存的尿样中测量的雌激素和孕激素代谢物以及hCG将与从新收集的尿样中测量的这些激素进行比较。我们招募了44名妇女，其中26人怀孕，每天第一次早晨采集尿样。NIOSH的Jim Kesner正在分析新收集的尿样和存储的EPS样本中的雌激素和孕激素代谢物以及hCG。 人们对自我报告的生殖数据的质量有方法论上的兴趣，已经做出了几项努力来评估这种报告的有效性。通过将访谈数据与预期的月经出血和疼痛每日记录进行比较，我们评估了自我报告的周期特征的有效性。我们还检查了孕期出血自我报告的有效性。在另一个方法论项目中，我们正在使用现有的数据来确定女性报告怀孕测试阳性的时间有多好。在自然流产-怀孕时间研究中，当比较暴露组和非暴露组在妊娠检测时间上的不同时，就会产生偏差。那些倾向于推迟怀孕测试的人会意识到自然流产较少，而且他们怀孕的时间会更长。 我对女性生育能力的研究做了全面的回顾(将作为新版《妇女与健康》的一章出版)。我们继续研究影响生育率的因素。我们正在使用农业健康研究的数据来研究农药暴露。此外，我们对女性与年龄相关的生育率下降特别感兴趣。一项正在进行的前瞻性怀孕时间研究正在提供关于抗髓鞘激素作为受精性的潜在标志的数据。这种激素作为女性受精性研究的辅助或主要结果指标的可能性需要进一步调查，这一新的调查领域的必要性已在一篇评论中提出。 我们使用Sister研究的数据检验了早期生活暴露对月经初潮年龄和绝经年龄的影响。