Inflammation-Induced Depressed Mood: The Role of Social Neurocognitive Mechanisms

炎症引起的抑郁情绪：社会神经认知机制的作用

• 批准号: 8247845
• 负责人: Naomi Ilana Eisenberger
• 金额: $ 43.6万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-07-01 至 2014-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8247845
• 关键词: Accounting; Affective; Anterior; Behavioral; Blood; Coupled; Cytokine Gene; Data; Depressed mood; Depressive disorder; Disease; Distress; Dorsal; Endotoxins; Exposure to; Fatigue; Feeling; Female; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; General Population; Genes; Genetic Polymorphism; Happiness; Hour; Human; Immune; Individual; Individual Differences; Inflammation; Inflammatory; Insula of Reil; Interleukin-6; Link; Loneliness; Measures; Mediating; Mental Depression; Methodology; Monitor; Moods; National Institute of Mental Health; Neurocognitive; Opioid; Opioid Receptor; Outcome; Participant; Pathway interactions; Patient Self-Report; Patients; Placebos; Play; Prevalence; Process; Randomized; Research; Role; Sampling; Sleep; Sleeplessness; Social Change; Social Perception; Social isolation; Social support; Testing; Time; Variant; Ventral Striatum; Withdrawal; Work; base; cingulate cortex; cytokine; depressive symptoms; experience; indexing; innovation; insight; interest; neuroimaging; novel; programs; psychologic; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; response; reward processing; social

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This application is submitted to the NIMH DATR Mood/Sleep Research Program A2-AID. Depressive disorders occur at a high rate in patients with inflammatory disorders, with a point prevalence of 15-29%, which is two to three times greater than that observed in the general population. Substantial evidence has shown that inflammation and increases in proinflammatory cytokine activity play a critical role in the onset and perpetuation of depression and depressive symptoms (e.g. insomnia, fatigue) in those who are co-morbid for inflammatory disorders (Miller et al., 2009). Consistent with this, experimental work has shown that an inflammatory challenge can increase depressed mood in an otherwise healthy sample (Reichenberg et al., 2001). Based on these findings, there has been a growing interest in whether inflammatory processes can contribute to depression in a causal manner and how these effects might occur. Given the observation that inflammatory processes trigger social withdrawal (Dantzer, 2001; Hart, 1988), coupled with evidence that feelings of 'social disconnection' play a critical role in the onset and perpetuation of (non-inflammatory forms of) depression (Heinrich & Gullone, 2006), it is surprising that the social psychological consequences of inflammation and their contribution to depression have not been more fully explored. Here, we suggest that inflammation may increase feelings of social disconnection and that these social psychological changes may be an important contributor to inflammation-associated depression. Indeed, preliminary data demonstrated that an experimentally-induced inflammatory challenge (endotoxin) led to increases in self-reported feelings of social disconnection (e.g., "I feel disconnected from others") in addition to increases in depressed mood (Eisenberger et al., 2009b). Aside from these findings, however, there are no studies that have explored the effect of inflammatory processes on social experience in humans. The over- arching objective of this proposal is to explore the experiential and neural correlates of inflammatory- induced changes in social experience (e.g., feelings of social disconnection), which may provide a critical missing link in understanding the relationship between inflammation and depression. Participants (n=100) will be randomly assigned to receive either endotoxin or placebo and will then be monitored for the next six hours. Blood draws to assess cytokine levels as well as self-reported feelings of social disconnection and depressed mood will be collected hourly. In addition, at the time of peak cytokine response, participants will complete a neuroimaging session to examine the effect of inflammatory challenge on neural sensitivity to social rejection and social acceptance. It is hypothesized that endotoxin will increase feelings of social disconnection over time, and that the underlying neural sensitivities that give rise to these feelings (e.g., increased neural sensitivity to social rejection; decreased neural sensitivity to social acceptance) will contribute to inflammatory-induced depressed mood. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Although substantial evidence has demonstrated links between inflammation and depression, the mechanisms underlying this relationship are poorly understood. Based on the observation that inflammation triggers social withdrawal, coupled with evidence that feelings of social disconnection play a critical role in depression, the proposed research will examine the social psychological consequences of inflammation and their relation to depressive symptoms for the first time. In addition, the proposed research will examine the neural correlates that underlie these social psychological changes to better understand the central mechanisms that contribute to inflammatory-induced depressive symptoms.

描述（由申请人提供）：本申请已提交给 NIMH DATR 情绪/睡眠研究计划 A2-AID。炎症性疾病患者中抑郁症的发病率很高，点患病率为 15-29%，比一般人群高出两到三倍。大量证据表明，对于那些患有炎症性疾病的人来说，炎症和促炎细胞因子活性的增加在抑郁和抑郁症状（例如失眠、疲劳）的发生和持续中起着关键作用（Miller et al., 2009）。与此相一致的是，实验工作表明，炎症挑战会增加健康样本中的抑郁情绪（Reichenberg 等，2001）。基于这些发现，人们越来越关注炎症过程是否会以因果方式导致抑郁症以及这些影响如何发生。 鉴于炎症过程引发社交退缩的观察结果（Dantzer，2001；Hart，1988），再加上“社交脱节”感在抑郁症（非炎症形式）的发作和持续中发挥关键作用的证据（Heinrich & Gullone，2006），令人惊讶的是，炎症的社会心理后果及其对抑郁症的影响尚未得到更充分的探索。在这里，我们认为炎症可能会增加社交脱节的感觉，而这些社会心理变化可能是炎症相关抑郁症的重要促成因素。事实上，初步数据表明，实验诱发的炎症挑战（内毒素）除了增加抑郁情绪外，还导致自我报告的社交脱节感增加（例如，“我感觉与他人脱节”）（Eisenberger et al., 2009b）。然而，除了这些发现之外，还没有研究探讨炎症过程对人类社会体验的影响。该提案的首要目标是探索炎症引起的社会体验变化（例如，社交脱节感）的体验和神经相关性，这可能为理解炎症和抑郁之间的关系提供一个关键的缺失环节。 参与者（n = 100）将被随机分配接受内毒素或安慰剂，然后在接下来的六个小时内接受监测。每小时都会抽血来评估细胞因子水平以及自我报告的社交脱节和抑郁情绪的感受。此外，在细胞因子反应达到峰值时，参与者将完成神经影像学检查，以检查炎症挑战对神经对社会排斥和社会接受的敏感性的影响。据推测，随着时间的推移，内毒素会增加社交脱节的感觉，而引起这些感觉的潜在神经敏感性（例如，对社会拒绝的神经敏感性增加；对社会接受的神经敏感性降低）将导致炎症引起的抑郁情绪。 公共卫生相关性：尽管大量证据表明炎症与抑郁之间存在联系，但人们对这种关系背后的机制知之甚少。基于炎症引发社交退缩的观察，再加上社交脱节感在抑郁症中发挥关键作用的证据，拟议的研究将首次研究炎症的社会心理后果及其与抑郁症状的关系。此外，拟议的研究将检查这些社会心理变化背后的神经相关性，以更好地了解导致炎症诱发抑郁症状的核心机制。