Child adversity and the developmental epidemiology of mood and anxiety disorders.

描述（申请人提供）：这个职业发展奖（K 01）将为候选人提供必要的技能，以开发一个独立的研究计划，重点是使用基于人口的数据，以确定心理，生理，和环境机制之间的联系，儿童逆境和后来发病的情绪和焦虑症，并检查遗传因素在改变发展中的作用，在逆境中成长的轨迹。虽然不良的童年经历，如虐待和家庭暴力，占人口中精神障碍的很大一部分，这些协会的基础复杂的发展途径仍然没有得到很好的表征。本申请的总体目的是测试发展流行病学模型，该模型假定情绪和生理反应作为将儿童期逆境与随后的情绪和焦虑障碍发作联系起来的机制的核心作用。该模型预测，童年逆境更有可能引发具有特定基因多态性的个体的情绪反应增强，从而增加对压力的脆弱性。培训计划旨在为候选人提供发展精神病理学，压力生物学和心理生理学以及遗传流行病学方面的技能。具体来说，候选人将获得的知识和技能：a）进行发育知情的研究，以确定心理和生理机制联系童年逆境情绪和焦虑症; B）设计，进行和分析遗传信息研究; c）确定生物学上合理的表型，链接基因型，童年逆境，情绪和焦虑症;以及d）对儿童期遭遇逆境的个人进行前瞻性流行病学研究，评估遗传和环境风险因素。这些技能将通过教学培训，指导阅读和指导研究项目的组合来开发。拟议的研究计划包括原始数据收集和现有流行病学数据的分析相结合。候选人将收集心理病理学，心理生理学，经验抽样，和遗传数据从社区样本的青少年，以检查的概念模型的中心假设。心理生理学方法和候选基因方法将用于定义涉及高度情绪和生理反应的潜在表型，该表型将遗传易感性、儿童逆境暴露以及情绪和焦虑症联系起来。该概念模型还将通过分析三个纵向流行病学数据集进行测试：国家科摩罗调查II，雅芳儿童和父母纵向研究，护士健康研究II，其中两个测量遗传和环境风险因素。培训活动和结果将用于开发前瞻性流行病学研究的R 01应用程序，该研究评估遗传和环境风险因素，旨在确定将儿童逆境与情绪和焦虑症发作联系起来的发展途径。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): This Career Development Award (K01) will provide the candidate with the necessary skills to develop an independent research program focused on using population-based data to identify the psychological, physiological, and environmental mechanisms underlying the association between childhood adversity and the later onset of mood and anxiety disorders and to examine the role of genetic factors in altering developmental trajectories among children exposed to adversity. Although adverse childhood experiences, such as maltreatment and exposure to family violence, account for a substantial proportion of mental disorders in the population, the complex developmental pathways that underlie these associations remain poorly characterized. The overall aim of the current application is to test a developmental epidemiologic model that posits a central role of emotional and physiological reactivity as a mechanism linking childhood adversity to the subsequent onset of mood and anxiety disorders. The model predicts that childhood adversity is more likely to trigger heightened emotional reactivity among individuals with specific genetic polymorphisms that increase vulnerability to stress. The training plan is designed to provide the candidate with skills in developmental psychopathology, stress biology and psychophysiology, and genetic epidemiology. Specifically, the candidate will acquire the knowledge and skills to: a) conduct developmentally informed studies to identify psychological and physiological mechanisms linking childhood adversity to mood and anxiety disorders; b) design, conduct, and analyze genetically informative studies; c) identify biologically plausible phenotypes that link genotype, childhood adversity, and mood and anxiety disorders; and d) conduct prospective epidemiologic studies of individuals exposed to childhood adversities, which assess both genetic and environmental risk factors. These skills will be developed through a combination of didactic training, guided readings, and mentored research projects. The proposed research program involves a combination of original data collection and analysis of existing epidemiologic data. The candidate will collect psychopathology, psychophysiology, experience sampling, and genetic data from a community sample of adolescents to examine the central hypotheses of the conceptual model. Psychophysiology methods and a candidate gene approach will be used to define a potential phenotype involving heightened emotional and physiological reactivity that links genetic vulnerability, childhood adversity exposure, and mood and anxiety disorders. The conceptual model also will be tested through analysis of three longitudinal epidemiologic data sets: the National Comorbidity Survey II, the Avon Longitudinal Study of Children and Parents, and the Nurses' Health Study II, two of which measure both genetic and environmental risk factors. Training activities and results will be used to develop an R01 application for a prospective epidemiologic study that assesses both genetic and environmental risk factors and aims to identify developmental pathways linking childhood adversity to the onset of mood and anxiety disorders.