Informing the Development of Mobile Apps for HIV Prevention, Treatment and Care

描述(由申请人提供)：为艾滋病毒预防、治疗和护理移动应用程序的开发提供信息：美国人类免疫缺陷病毒(HIV)疫情继续造成巨大损失，特别是在种族和少数民族以及男男性行为者(MSM)中。我们研究的背景纽约市是全国最大的艾滋病毒/艾滋病流行城市，这使它成为开展形成性研究的理想环境。本研究的目的是进行形成性研究，以了解使用移动电话应用程序(APP)进行艾滋病毒预防、检测、治疗和护理的需求、障碍和促进者。移动保健技术在管理和预防艾滋病毒等慢性疾病方面显示出极具价值的工具的潜力。移动技术，即智能手机，在日常生活中无处不在，为应用程序创造了以前不可能实现的机会。使用移动技术更快速、更准确地评估和修改与健康相关的行为和生物状态可以改变患者对其健康的决策。将使用定性的民族志方法和以用户为中心的人机交互研究方法来确定用户的移动技术需求、移动应用(APP)设计偏好以及阻碍 或者鼓励接受和持续使用移动应用程序来预防艾滋病毒。我们的样本将包括50名艾滋病毒携带者(PLWH)、25名艾滋病毒医护人员和50名高危男男性接触者。在我们研究的每个阶段，我们将使用定性的民族志方法和以用户为中心的人机交互研究方法，以确保APP满足最终用户的目标。我们将利用信息科学研究框架，其中使用了各种设计过程来创建设计文档。设计文件将明确两个不同APP的功能要求：1)满足PLWH的艾滋病毒预防和保健需求，包括坚持艾滋病毒药物治疗、保留护理和治疗管理；2)通过确定检测点并在高危MSM中提供定期检测提醒，鼓励艾滋病毒检测。这项研究的结果将为未来用于智能手机的艾滋病毒预防、检测、治疗和护理应用程序以及其他用于艾滋病毒预防的新媒体技术提供信息，并将确定技术偏好和功能、艾滋病毒相关内容要求、设计规范，以及与高危或受影响人群中应用程序的长期吸引力和维护相关的问题。利用这项研究开发的工具有可能扩大艾滋病毒检测项目对高危男男性行为者的影响和覆盖范围，并为PLWH提供艾滋病毒预防和卫生保健。 公共卫生相关性：这项研究的目的是在美国进行形成性研究，以探索对两种不同的艾滋病毒预防手机应用程序(APP)的需求：(1)一种用于满足艾滋病毒携带者的艾滋病毒预防和保健需求的应用程序，包括坚持使用艾滋病毒药物、保留护理和治疗管理；(2)一种通过确定检测地点并定期提醒高危男男性接触者进行检测来鼓励艾滋病毒检测的应用程序。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Informing the Development of Mobile Apps for HIV Prevention, Treatment and Care: The United States Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) epidemic continues to exact a huge toll, especially among racial and ethnic minorities, and men who have sex with men (MSM). New York City, the setting of our study, has the largest HIV/AIDS epidemic in the nation, making it the ideal setting for the formative research study. The purpose of this study is to conduct formative research to understand the needs, barriers, and facilitators of using mobile phone applications (apps) for HIV prevention, testing, treatment and care. Mobile health technology shows potential as a highly valuable tool in the management and prevention of chronic illnesses such as HIV. The ubiquitous nature of mobile technologies, namely smartphones, in daily life has created opportunities for applications that were not previously possible. Using mobile technologies to more rapidly and accurately assess and modify health-related behavior and biological states can transform patient decision making about their health. Qualitative ethnographic methods and user-centered human-computer interaction research methods will be used to identify the mobile technology needs of users, mobile application (app) design preferences, as well as the barriers and facilitators that prohibit or encourage the uptake and sustained use of mobile apps for HIV prevention. Our sample will include 50 persons living with HIV (PLWH), 25 HIV healthcare providers and 50 high-risk MSM. At each phase of our study, we will use qualitative ethnographic methods and user-centered human-computer interaction research methods to ensure that the app meets the end-user's goals. We will utilize the Information Science Research Framework in which various design processes are employed in order create a design document. The design document will specify the functional requirements for two distinct apps for: 1) meeting the HIV prevention and health care needs of PLWH, including adherence to HIV medications, retention in care, and treatment management, and 2) encouraging HIV testing by identifying testing sites and providing periodic reminders for testing among high- risk MSM. Findings from this study will inform future HIV prevention, testing, treatment and care apps for Smartphones and other new media technologies for HIV prevention and will identify technology preferences and features, HIV-related content requirements, design specifications, and issues related to long-term appeal and maintenance of apps in at-risk or affected populations. Tools developed using this research have the potential to extend the impact and reach of HIV testing programs for high-risk MSM and HIV prevention and health care for PLWH. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The purpose of this study is to conduct formative research in the United States to explore the need for two different HIV prevention mobile phone applications (app): (1) an app for meeting the HIV prevention and health care needs of persons living with HIV, including adherence to HIV medications, retention in care, and treatment management, and (2) an app encouraging HIV testing by identifying testing sites and providing periodic reminders for testing among high risk men who have sex with men.