Mechanisms and plasticity of long term visual adaptation to ocular optics

长期视觉适应眼光学的机制和可塑性

• 批准号: 8504254
• 负责人: GEUNYOUNG YOON
• 金额: $ 35.7万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ROCHESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2003
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2003-09-02 至 2017-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8504254
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Adverse effects; Affect; Blindness; Classification; Complement; Complex; Contrast Sensitivity; Cornea; Corneal Diseases; Data; Defect; Discrimination; Eye; Frequencies; Gases; Goals; Human; Image; Judgment; Keratoconus; Letters; Long-Term Effects; Measurement; Measures; Methodology; Methods; Modeling; Neuronal Plasticity; Noise; Optics; Patients; Pattern; Perception; Perceptual Masking; Performance; Phase; Play; Population; Process; Property; Psychophysics; Regimen; Research; Retina; Retinal; Role; Stimulus; System; Testing; Time; Training; Vision; Visual; Visual Acuity; Visual system structure; Work; adaptive optics; base; design; experience; image processing; improved; innovation; insight; lens; luminance; monocular; neuroadaptation; novel; public health relevance; relating to nervous system; research study; response; spatial vision; theories; tool; visual adaptation; visual deprivation; visual optics; visual performance; visual process; visual processing; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In eyes with prolonged visual deprivation induced by the abnormally large optical defects such as aberrations, the actual visual performance after precise correction of remaining aberrations is significantly poorer than that predicted from optical theory and that measured in normal eyes. This unexplained vision loss suggests that the degraded image quality received by the eyes alters neural processing of images formed on the retina, which plays an important role in determining perceived visual quality. We hypothesize that the post-correction functional measurements on a given patient are biased by long-term neural adaptation to the poor retinal image quality that the patient may have progressively experienced before correction. We will test this hypothesis using a corneal disease, keratoconus as a model of long-term visual adaptation. The visual system of this unique patient group developed normally but, during adulthood, has gradually experienced severely degraded image quality by the large magnitude of aberrations for a prolonged period of time. The proposed project implements the latest tools and advances in human optics research to investigate (1) the mechanisms underlying long-term neural adaptation to degraded optical quality of the eye and (2) neural plasticity resulting from improved optics and/or visual training paradigms. We will use two innovative advanced correction tools: an adaptive optics vision simulator and a customized scleral lens for short-term and long-term precise aberration correction, respectively. Aim 1 is designed to investigate the mechanisms that underlie long-term neural adaptation to the optically degraded retinal image quality and their impact on neural processing of image quality by (1.1) testing the hypothesis that the neural system is capable to compensate for losses in image quality due to the ocular aberration through long-term adaptation to phase spectra using broadband stimuli, acuity letters and natural images (1.2) characterizing long-term adaptation induced-changes in the key properties of basic spatial vision mechanisms using narrow band visual stimuli i.e. gratings and (1.3) examining the effects of long-term neural adaptation on the two eyes being integrated with regard to the monocular functions including visual acuity, contrast perception at and above threshold before and after aberration correction. Aim 2 will assess the extent to which plasticity that occurs during long-term adaptation is reversible and what mechanistic changes underlie this reversal once aberration-free image quality is achieved in KC eyes. (2.1) We will first quantify the time course of "passive" neural re-adaptation to improved ocular optics achieved by wearing customized aberration correcting scleral lens daily. We will also apply different visual training paradigms based on (2.2) narrow (single spatial frequency gratings) and (2.3) broad (natural images) band visual stimuli to differentiate different mechanisms of neural plasticity and to test the hypothesis that visual performance can further be improved by the visual training. Binocular transfer of the monocular neural manipulation through visual training effects will also be examined.

描述（由申请人提供）：在异常较大的光学缺陷（例如畸变）引起的视觉剥夺延长的眼睛中，精确校正剩余畸变后的实际视觉性能明显较差，比光学理论和在正常眼中测得的视觉性能要差。这种无法解释的视力丧失表明，眼睛收到的图像质量降低了，改变了视网膜上形成的图像的神经处理，这在确定感知的视觉质量方面起着重要作用。我们假设给定患者的后校正功能测量受到长期神经适应对视网膜图像质量差的神经适应性，患者可能会在校正之前逐渐经历过。我们将使用角膜疾病，角膜核作为长期视觉适应模型来检验这一假设。这个独特的患者群体正常发展的视觉系统，但在成年期间，由于长时间的大量畸变，逐渐经历了严重降低的图像质量。拟议的项目实现了人类光学研究的最新工具和进步，以调查（1）长期神经适应性的机制，以降低眼睛的光学质量以及（2）改进的光学和/或视觉训练范式引起的神经可塑性。我们将使用两种创新的高级校正工具：一种自适应光学视觉模拟器和定制的巩膜镜，分别用于短期和长期精确的畸变校正。 AIM 1旨在研究基于长期神经适应视网膜图像质量的神经适应的机制，及其对图像质量的神经处理的影响（1.1）测试的假设，即神经系统能够通过长期适应长期适应宽带刺激和自然图像（1 1. 1 1. 1 1）来补偿由于眼部差异而导致的图像质量损失的假说使用狭窄带视觉刺激的基本空间视觉机制的关键特性中的诱导变化，即光栅和（1.3）检查长期神经适应对两只眼睛在（包括视视视视视视视视视视视视视视视率）方面的影响，在异常次数校正之前和之后的阈值之后的对比感知。 AIM 2将评估长期适应过程中发生的可塑性的程度是可逆的，一旦在KC眼中达到无像差的图像质量，这种机械变化是这种逆转的基础。 （2.1）我们将首先量化“被动”神经重新适应的时间过程，以改善通过每天佩戴定制像差校正巩膜镜头来改善的眼镜。我们还将基于（2.2）狭窄（单空间频率光栅）和（2.3）广泛的（自然图像）带视觉刺激的不同视觉训练范例来区分不同 神经可塑性的机制，并测试可通过视觉训练进一步改善视觉性能的假设。还将检查通过视觉训练效果对单眼神经操纵的双眼转移。