Mechanisms of Executive Decline in Normal Aging

正常衰老过程中执行力下降的机制

• 批准号: 8288767
• 负责人: JOEL H KRAMER
• 金额: $ 54.46万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-06-15 至 2014-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8288767
• 关键词: Activities of Daily Living; Affect; Age; Aging; Anatomic Models; Anisotropy; Anterior; Atrophic; Blood Vessels; Brain; Cerebrovascular Circulation; Cognition; Cognitive; Cognitive Science; Complex; Corpus striatum structure; Corticospinal Tracts; Development; Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Elderly; Exercise; Goals; Health; Investigation; Life Style; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Maintenance; Measures; Mediating; Methods; Modeling; Nerve Degeneration; Neuroanatomy; Neurologic; Outcome; Perfusion; Physical activity; Prefrontal Cortex; Public Health; Quality of life; Research; Resolution; Risk; Role; Secondary to; Signal Transduction; Spin Labels; Structure; Techniques; Testing; Update; abstracting; age related; cardiovascular risk factor; cognitive change; cohort; daily functioning; executive function; follow-up; frontal lobe; gray matter; image processing; indexing; information processing; lifestyle factors; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; normal aging; physical conditioning; processing speed; relating to nervous system; response; white matter

Project Summary /Abstract The overarching goal of this project is to identify the cognitive mechanisms and neural structures that underlie the decline in executive functioning observed in aging. Several research groups, including ours, have documented age-associated decline in executive functioning and its significant impact on daily functioning. The underlying causes of this decline remain unclear, however; a clearer understanding of how various cognitive and neural changes interact to produce executive decline is needed. We propose an overarching model in which age-associated frontal atrophy, frontal hypoperfusion, and loss of white matter integrity interact to affect information processing speed and executive function. We propose to prospectively study 150 normal elderly with structural neuroimaging, perfusion, and cognitive measures at baseline and again after 36 months. We have three specific aims: 1) test the relationships between age, frontal lobe structure, frontal perfusion, white matter, and cognition cross-sectionally; 2) identify potential health and lifestyle predictors of MRI and cognitive outcomes; and 3) test the relationships between longitudinal change in MRI and longitudinal changes in cognition. This project takes advantage of newly developed techniques of high field, high resolution MRI and cognitive psychology methods of measuring processing speed and executive functioning. We are particularly focusing on white matter integrity because it may be influenced by lifestyle and health issues that are potentially treatable.

项目总结/摘要 这个项目的首要目标是确定认知机制和神经结构， 老年人执行功能的衰退。包括我们在内的几个研究小组已经 记录了与年龄相关的执行功能下降及其对日常功能的重大影响。 然而，这种下降的根本原因仍不清楚;更清楚地了解各种 认知和神经变化相互作用，产生执行力下降是必要的。我们提出了一个总体的 年龄相关性额叶萎缩、额叶灌注不足和白色物质完整性丧失相互作用的模型 影响信息处理速度和执行功能。我们建议前瞻性研究150名正常人， 在基线和36个月后再次进行结构神经成像、灌注和认知测量的老年人。 我们有三个具体的目标：1）测试年龄，额叶结构，额叶灌注， 白色物质和认知横截面; 2）确定MRI的潜在健康和生活方式预测因子， 认知结果; 3）测试MRI纵向变化与纵向变化之间的关系 在认知上。该项目利用了新开发的高场、高分辨率MRI技术 以及测量处理速度和执行功能的认知心理学方法。我们 特别关注白色物质的完整性，因为它可能受到生活方式和健康问题的影响， 是可以治愈的