Descriptive Studies and Record Linkage

描述性研究和记录链接

• 批准号: 8938252
• 负责人: William Anderson
• 金额: $ 17.38万
• 依托单位: DIVISION OF CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8938252
• 关键词: Age; Age Distribution; American Indian and Alaska Native; Anatomic Sites; Anemia; Area; Asia; Asians; Attention; Bilateral; Birth; Blood Transfusion; Brain Neoplasms; Breast; Breast Cancer Treatment; Calendar; California; Cancer Biology; Cancer Etiology; Cancer Patient; Cancer Surveillance Research; Carcinogens; Case-Control Studies; Categories; Characteristics; Chest; Cigarette; Classification; Clinical; Cohort Effect; Colon Carcinoma; Complication; Country; Cross-Sectional Studies; Data; Data Linkages; Diagnosis; Disease; Documentation; ERBB2 gene; Elderly; Environmental Exposure; Epstein-Barr Virus Infections; Ethnic group; Etiology; Exposure to; Extranodal; Eye; Female Breast Carcinoma; Frequencies; Gender; General Population; Generations; Heart; Heterogeneity; Hispanics; Histologic; Hormone Receptor; Incidence; Kidney; Life; Link; Living Donors; Lung Neoplasms; Lymphoma; Malignant Neoplasms; Malignant neoplasm of liver; Malignant neoplasm of lung; Mammography; Medicare claim; Modeling; Molecular; Monitor; Multiple Myeloma; Natural History; Nodal; Non-Hodgkin' s Lymphoma; Not Hispanic or Latino; Odds Ratio; Organ; Organ Procurements; Organ Transplantation; Pacific Island Americans; Pattern; Plasma Cell Neoplasm; Pleura; Population; Predisposition; Prevention; Primary biliary cirrhosis; Prostate; Registries; Renal carcinoma; Renal pelvis; Reporting; Retinoblastoma; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Shapes; Site; Solid; Spleen; Stomach; Subgroup; Testicular Germ Cell Tumor; Thymus Gland; Transfusion; Transplant Recipients; Transplantation; United States; Update; Ureter; Variant; Woman; aged; boys; cancer diagnosis; cancer risk; cancer type; cell type; cigarette smoking; cohort; falls; high risk; improved; leukemia; malignant breast neoplasm; malignant stomach neoplasm; men; middle age; mortality; neoplasm registry; older women; outcome forecast; population based; programs; racial and ethnic; racial and ethnic disparities; receptor; screening; sex; transmission process; trend; tumor

General descriptive studies (00350): Following decades of rising breast cancer incidence in the U.S. there were abrupt declines circa 2000 that stabilized during 2003-2004. The fall in breast cancer rates occurred mostly among older women with ER positive cancers. Much less attention was given to falling ER negative cancer rates. Circa 1990 breast cancer mortality rates began to fall with an estimated annual percentage change of approximately 2% per year. The fall in breast cancer mortality rates have generally been attributed to the combined effect of improvements in screening mammography and/or breast cancer treatment. However, declining breast cancer mortality may not simply reflect better screening and treatment, but also might be related to changing breast cancer biology due to falling ER negative incidence rates. Breast cancer is a heterogeneous disease, divisible into a variable number of clinical subtypes. A fundamental question is how many etiological classes underlie the clinical spectrum of breast cancer? We reviewed the evidence for breast cancer etiological heterogeneity. Results showed a bimodal age distribution at diagnosis with peak frequencies near ages 50 and 70 years for important tumor features, consistent with a two-component mixture model and compatible with a hierarchal view of breast cancers arising from two main cell types of origin. There are limited data regarding the burden of breast cancer subtypes among Hispanic women. We, therefore, assessed the distribution and prognosis of the molecular subtypes among Hispanics using California Cancer Registry data from 2005-2010. Breast cancer subtypes were defined as hormone receptor (HR) and HER2 receptor: HR+/HER2-, HR+/HER2+, HR-/HER2+, and HR-/HER2- (triple negative). Among 16,380 Hispanic breast cancer patients, HR+/HER- subtype was most common, followed by triple negative, HR+/HER2+ and HR-/HER2+. Previous reports suggested that female breast cancer is associated with earlier ages at onset among Asian than Western populations. However, most studies utilized cross-sectional analysis that may be confounded by calendar-period and birth-cohort effects. We, therefore, considered a more longitudinal approach adjusted for calendar period changes and conditioned upon birth-cohorts. Invasive female breast cancer case and population data (1988-2009) were obtained from cancer registries in Asia and the United States. Similar shapes in longitudinal curves along with converging IRRs from one generation to the next suggested that the natural history of invasive breast cancer was more similar among Asian and Western populations than might be expected from a solely cross-sectional analysis. Indeed, estimates for the most recent cohorts in some Asian countries show even later ages at onset than in the US. Cancer risk after blood transfusion was evaluated in a US population-based case-control study using 552,951 elderly cases identified from cancer registries and 100,000 frequency-matched controls. Transfusions received 0 to 12, 13 to 30, and 31 to 48 months before cancer diagnosis or selection dates were identified using Medicare claims. Transfusions received 0 to 12 months before cancer diagnosis and/or selection were associated with significantly elevated risk of cancer overall (odds ratio [OR], 2.05; 95% CI, 1.95-2.16) and cancer of the stomach; cancer of the colon; cancer of the liver, kidney, renal pelvis, and/or ureter; lymphoma; myeloma; and leukemia. No significant associations for cancer overall were observed for the two earlier intervals. No site was associated with transfusions received 13 to 30 or 31 to 48 months before diagnosis and/or selection. Nonetheless, overall cancer risk increased with the number of transfused periods (p-trend 0.0001). The increased risk of overall cancer and specific sites 0 to 12 months after blood transfusion is likely due to reverse causation, that is, incipient cancers or cancer precursors causing anemia. Transmission of cancer is a life-threatening complication of transplantation. Monitoring transplantation practice requires complete recording of donor cancers. The US Scientific Registry of Transplant Recipients (SRTR) captures cancers in deceased donors (beginning in 1994) and living donors (2004). We linked the SRTR (52 599 donors, 110 762 transplants) with state cancer registries. Cancer registries identified cancers in 519 donors: 373 deceased donors (0.9%) and 146 living donors (1.2%). Among deceased donors, 50.7% of cancers were brain tumors. Among living donors, 54.0% were diagnosed after donation; most were cancers common in the general population (e.g. breast, prostate). There were 1063 deceased donors with cancer diagnosed in the SRTR or cancer registry, and the SRTR lacked a cancer diagnosis for 107 (10.1%) of these. There were 103 living donors with cancer before or at donation, diagnosed in the SRTR or cancer registry, and the SRTR did not have a cancer diagnosis for 43 (41.7%) of these. The SRTR does not record cancers after donation in living donors and so missed 81 cancers documented in cancer registries. In conclusion, donor cancers are uncommon, but lack of documentation of some cases highlights a need for improved ascertainment and reporting by organ procurement organizations and transplant programs. Solid organ transplantation recipients have elevated cancer incidence. The cumulative incidence of 6 preventable or screen-detectable cancers after transplantation was estimated using population-based data on 164,156 US transplantation recipients. High-risk subgroups are identified that may benefit from targeted screening or prevention, including thoracic organ recipients at the extremes of age for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, older thoracic organ recipients for lung cancer, and kidney recipients aged 35 years for kidney cancer In a large US population-based study, the authors demonstrate that transplant recipients have an elevated risk for plasma cell neoplasms and document several risk factors for this type of malignancy, including Epstein Barr virus infection, recipient age, and the presence of primary biliary cirrhosis. The classification of lung cancers by histologic type was updated and the new refined categories were used to assess the US incidence patterns. Temporal trends were found to vary by gender, type, racial/ethnic group, and age, reflecting historical cigarette smoking rates, duration, cessation, cigarette composition, and exposure to other carcinogens. The new categories and SEER data are being used in the upcoming 4th edition of the WHO Classification of Tumours of the Lung, Pleura, Thymus and Heart. Testicular germ cell tumors are the most commonly occurring cancers among US men ages 15-44 years, and rates were found to be highest among non-Hispanics, followed by American Indian/Alaska Natives, Hispanic whites, Asian/Pacific Islanders, and blacks. Retinoblastoma incidence rates were found to be decreasing significantly since 1992 among those younger than 1 year and since 1998 among those with bilateral disease. In addition, consistent with other cancers, an excess of retinoblastoma diagnosed in boys suggests a potential effect of sex on cancer origin. The incidence of extranodal marginal zone lymphoma exceeds that of nodal disease, and the most common extranodal sites are the stomach, spleen, and eye/adnexa. The age-specific patterns increased steeply at young ages and less prominently after mid-life for several sites. The temporal trends, gender and racial/ethnic disparities varied by site, supporting the contention that marginal zone lymphoma is characterized by etiological heterogeneity across sites and that susceptibility is probably influenced by intrinsic characteristics and environmental exposures.

一般描述性研究（00350）：在美国，乳腺癌发病率数十年后，大约在2003 - 2004年稳定下来的乳腺癌发病率下降。乳腺癌发生率的下降主要发生在患有ER阳性癌症的老年女性中。对ER负面癌症率下降的关注要少得多。大约1990年的乳腺癌死亡率开始下降，估计每年大约2％的年百分比变化。 乳腺癌死亡率下降通常归因于筛查乳房X线摄影和/或乳腺癌治疗的综合作用。 但是，乳腺癌死亡率下降可能不仅反映了更好的筛查和治疗，而且可能与由于ER负面发病率下降而改变乳腺癌生物学。乳腺癌是一种异质性疾病，可分为可变数量的临床亚型。一个基本问题是，有多少个病因类是乳腺癌的临床范围？我们回顾了乳腺癌病因异质性的证据。结果表明，在诊断时具有双峰年龄分布，重要的肿瘤特征年龄在50岁和70岁的峰值频率上，与两种组分混合模型一致，并且与乳腺癌的分层视图兼容，乳腺癌是由两种主要细胞类型产生的。西班牙裔女性中乳腺癌亚型负担的数据有限。因此，我们使用加利福尼亚癌症登记处的数据从2005 - 2010年开始评估了西班牙裔分子亚型的分布和预后。乳腺癌亚型定义为激素受体（HR）和HER2受体：HR+/HER2-，HR+/HER2+，HR-/HER2+和HR-/HER2-（三重负）。在16,380名西班牙乳腺癌患者中，HR+/HER-亚型最常见，其次是三重阴性，HR+/HER2+和HR-/HER2+。先前的报道表明，女性乳腺癌与亚洲人群相比，与西方人群相比，女性乳腺癌与早期的年龄有关。但是，大多数研究都使用横截面分析，这些分析可能会被日历周期和出生效应所困扰。因此，我们考虑了针对日历周期更改的一种更纵向的方法，并以出生繁殖为条件。侵入性女性乳腺癌病例和种群数据（1988-2009）是从亚洲和美国的癌症注册处获得的。纵向曲线中的类似形状以及从一代到下一代的收敛IRN表明，在亚洲和西方人群中，侵入性乳腺癌的自然历史比仅仅是唯一的横截面分析所预期的要相似。的确，对某些亚洲国家的最新同伙的估计甚至比美国的年龄更高。在一项基于美国人群的病例对照研究中，使用552,951例从癌症注册表和100,000个频率匹配的对照中确定的老年病例对血输血后的癌症风险进行了评估。使用Medicare索赔鉴定出癌症诊断或选择日期之前的0至12、13至30和31至48个月的输血。在癌症诊断和/或选择之前接受0到12个月接受的输血与癌症总体风险显着升高（优势比[OR]，2.05； 95％CI，1.95-2.16）和胃癌；结肠癌；肝脏，肾脏，肾脏骨盆和/或输尿管癌；淋巴瘤；骨髓瘤；和白血病。对于早期的两个间隔，未观察到癌症总体上的显着关联。在诊断和/或选择前，没有与输血相关的地点。尽管如此，随着输血期的数量，总体癌症风险增加（p-trend 0.0001）。 输血后0到12个月的总体癌症和特定部位的风险增加可能是由于逆向因果关系引起的，即初期癌症或癌症前体引起贫血。癌症的传播是威胁生命的移植并发症。监测移植实践需要完整记录供体癌症。美国移植接受者的科学注册表（SRTR）捕获了已故捐助者（从1994年开始）和活捐助者（2004年）。我们将SRTR（52599个捐助者，110 762个移植物）与州癌症注册联系起来。癌症登记处确定了519名捐助者的癌症：373名死者捐助者（0.9％）和146名活捐赠者（1.2％）。在已故供体中，有50.7％的癌症是脑肿瘤。在活捐助者中，捐赠后诊断出54.0％。大多数是一般人群中常见的癌症（例如乳房，前列腺）。在SRTR或癌症注册表中诊断出有1063名死者的供体，SRTR缺乏107例（10.1％）的癌症诊断。在捐赠之前或捐赠时，有103名活癌的供体，在SRTR或癌症注册表中被诊断出，SRTR在其中43（41.7％）的癌症诊断没有。 SRTR在捐赠捐赠者捐赠后没有记录癌症，因此错过了81个癌症注册表中记录的癌症。总之，供体癌症并不常见，但是缺乏对某些情况的文档，强调需要改善器官采购组织和移植计划的确定和报告。固体器官移植受者的发生率升高。 使用基于人群的164,156个美国移植受体的基于人群的数据估算了移植后6个可预防或可预检测癌症的累积发生率。 High-risk subgroups are identified that may benefit from targeted screening or prevention, including thoracic organ recipients at the extremes of age for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, older thoracic organ recipients for lung cancer, and kidney recipients aged 35 years for kidney cancer In a large US population-based study, the authors demonstrate that transplant recipients have an elevated risk for plasma cell neoplasms and document several risk factors for this type of恶性肿瘤，包括爱泼斯坦Barr病毒感染，受体年龄和原发性胆汁肝硬化。 通过组织学类型对肺癌的分类进行了更新，并使用新的精制类别来评估美国的发病率模式。 发现时间趋势因性别，类型，种族/种族群体以及年龄而有所不同，反映了历史吸烟率，持续时间，停止，香烟组成以及对其他致癌物的暴露。 新类别和SEER数据在即将到来的第四版的WHO WHO肺，胸膜，胸腺和心脏的肿瘤分类中使用。 睾丸生殖细胞肿瘤是15-44岁的美国男性中最常见的癌症，在非西班牙裔中发现率最高，其次是美洲印第安人/阿拉斯加人，西班牙裔白人，亚洲/太平洋岛民和黑人。 自1992年以来，在1岁以下的患者和1998年的双侧疾病患者中，视网膜母细胞瘤的发病率正在显着降低。 此外，与其他癌症一致，在男孩中诊断出的视网膜母细胞瘤过多表明性别对癌症起源的潜在影响。 外道边缘区域淋巴瘤的发生率超过了淋巴结疾病，最常见的外部部位是胃，脾脏和眼睛/ADNEXA。 特定年龄的模式在年轻人时代急剧增加，几个地点中期之后较不突出。 时间趋势，性别和种族/种族差异因现场而异，支持边际区域淋巴瘤的论点以跨站点的病因异质性为特征，并且易感性可能受到内在特征和环境暴露的影响。