Descriptive Studies and Record Linkage

描述性研究和记录链接

• 批准号: 8175392
• 负责人: William Anderson
• 金额: $ 69.11万
• 依托单位: DIVISION OF CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8175392
• 关键词: AIDS-Related Burkitt' s Lymphoma; AIDS/HIV problem; Accounting; Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma; Adult; African; Age; Age-Years; Aging-Related Process; American; Anatomic Sites; Area; Asians; Atlas of Cancer Mortality in the United States; B-Cell NonHodgkins Lymphoma; Brain Part; Breast; Burkitt Lymphoma; Cancer Etiology; Cancer Surveillance Research; Carcinoma; Caring; Catchment Area; Cell Aging; Cellular Phone; Characteristics; Childhood; Clinical; Colon Carcinoma; Colorectal Cancer; Complement; Computer software; Contralateral; Cutaneous; Cutaneous Melanoma; Data; Data Analyses; Data Linkages; Databases; Development; Diagnosis; Distal; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics; Epidemiology; Epithelial ovarian cancer; Ethnic group; Exposure to; Failure; Family; Female; Formalin; Functional disorder; Funding; Gender; Gene Expression; General Population; Growth and Development function; Hawaii; Histopathology; Hodgkin Disease; Human Biology; Incidence; Inflammatory; Institutes; International; Iowa; Laboratories; Link; Maintenance; Malignant Neoplasms; Malignant neoplasm of brain; Malignant neoplasm of cecum; Malignant neoplasm of cerebellum; Malignant neoplasm of male breast; Malignant neoplasm of testis; Maps; Measures; Medical; Medical Surveillance; Methods; Methylation; Military Personnel; Mismatch Repair; Modeling; Molecular; Nonseminomatous; Northern Europe; Occupational Exposure; Paraffin Embedding; Parietal Lobe; Pathologic; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Play; Population; Proportional Hazards Models; Proteins; Publishing; Race; Radiation; Radiation therapy; Rare Diseases; Rectal Cancer; Registries; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research; Research Personnel; Residual state; Risk; Role; Rosa; SEER Program; Screening procedure; Seminoma; Series; Site; Skin Cancer; Specimen; Stratification; Subgroup; Sun Exposure; Survivors; TP53 gene; Testing; Time; Tissue Microarray; Tissues; Toxin; Ultraviolet Rays; United States; Update; Variant; Woman; age effect; age group; aged; body system; breast cancer diagnosis; cancer epidemiology; cancer risk; cancer type; carcinogenesis; cohort; comparative; epidemiologic data; experience; frontal lobe; geographic difference; hazard; high risk; lifestyle factors; male; malignant breast neoplasm; malignant stomach neoplasm; meetings; melanoma; molecular marker; mortality; multidisciplinary; programs; racial and ethnic; radiofrequency; repaired; repository; sex; surveillance data; telomere; trend; tumor; tumor registry

General descriptive studies (00350): Melanoma incidence rates are rising among young women, possibly due to increasing ultraviolet radiation to previously protected body sites. We examined melanoma incidence trends by age, gender, and body site. Descriptive methods were complemented with the age-period-cohort parameters, demonstrating that melanomas are rising preferentially on the trunk among young women. Emerging data suggest that cutaneous malignant melanomas (CMM) may arise through divergent cancer pathways that are linked to intermittent versus accumulated sun exposure. However, numerous questions remain regarding the timing and/or age of exposure. We examined the effect of aging on CMM incidence in data from SEER. Gender, histopathology, and anatomic site were age-specific effect modifiers for CMM. Other skin cancer analyses focused on the incidence patterns of the rare cutaneous appendageal carcinomas and cutaneous adenoid cystic carcinomas. Male breast cancer is a rare disease, accounting for less than 1% of all breast cancer diagnoses worldwide. A multidisciplinary international meeting on male breast cancer focused on highlighting differences and similarities between breast cancer in males and females. To further enhance our understanding of male breast cancer, the Breast International Group and North American Breast Cancer Group have joined efforts to develop an International Male Breast Cancer Program and to pool epidemiologic data, clinical information, and tumor specimens. In an analysis of invasive contralateral breast cancer among 5,631 inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) and 447,767 non-IBC first breast cancer cases who survived at least 2 months following diagnosis and were reported to 13 Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) registries between January 1, 1973 and December 31, 2006, the general population the risk of developing a contralateral breast cancer was greater following a first IBC than non-IBC. International testicular cancer incidence rates remained highest in Northern Europe populations and lowest in Asian and African populations, and rose among most populations, with the trends for seminoma and nonseminoma generally similar. For the last 50 years, age-standardized incidence rates for noncardia gastric cancer have steadily declined in most populations. However, overall rates are summary measures that may obscure important age-specific trends. We analyzed SEER cancer incidence from 1977 through 2006 and found that the rate for noncardia gastric cancer declined among all race and age groups except for whites aged 25 to 39 years, for whom it increased. Our analysis of colorectal cancer incidence by gender, race/ethnic group, anatomic site, and age found that the male-to-female rate ratio rose from about one for cecal cancers to 1.8 for rectal cancers, increased with age most rapidly for distal colon cancers from <1.0 at ages <50 to 1.4-1.9 at older ages, and varied less by racial/ethnic group; these findings may partially reflect differences in screening experiences and access to medical care but also suggest that etiologic factors may be playing a role. There has been concern that the use of cellular telephones, which has grown explosively over the past two decades, may increase the risk of brain cancer. Our analysis of SEER brain cancer incidence found that during 1992-2006 the age-specific trends were downward or flat, except among females aged 20-29 years among whom the rates increased significantly. However, the increases were apparent only for frontal lobe cancers, and no increases were apparent for temporal or parietal lobe cancers, or cancers of the cerebellum, which involve the parts of the brain that would be more highly exposed to radiofrequency radiation from cellular phones. These data do not provide support to the view that cellular phone use causes brain cancer. Burkitt lymphoma (BL) is a unique B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma with 3 established clinical-epidemiological variants: endemic, sporadic and AIDS-related BL. Standard cross-sectional age-standardized and age specific incidence rates were stratified by sex and race and supplemented with ageperiodcohort models. Tri/bimodal incidence pattern was present in sensitivity analyses excluding registries with many HIV/AIDS cases and in period-specific, cohort-specific analyses. Young women treated with radiotherapy (RT) for Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) have a high risk of developing breast cancer (BC). To examine whether BC characteristics following HL differ from primary BC in the population remains uncertain. We identified 166 BC cases among 2,645 five-year survivors of HL in the SEER database that were diagnosed prior to age 35 years and treated with RT. Among 15-year survivors, greater increases in risk were seen for ER-negative/PR-negative versus ER-positive/PR-positive BC and higher risks emerged for high-grade versus low-grade tumors. We used thirty years of SEER incidence data to investigate the age-specific patterns for a series of cancers and found that the complicated underlying biology of human growth, development, and carcinogenesis was reflected in the highly disparate patterns across age groups. In childhood, the peak years of an organ systems increase in size correlate with peak years of cancer incidence. Conversely, in most adult-onset cancers, it is exposure to exogenous toxins, the failure of maintenance and repair, and finally, dysfunction(s) in the normal cellular aging process that likely play a role in the development of these malignancies. Special descriptive studies (10348): Ageperiodcohort (APC) analysis is used in cancer epidemiology to model trends in cancer rates. We developed methods for comparative APC analysis of two independent cause-specific hazard rates assuming that an APC model holds for each one. We constructed linear hypothesis tests to determine whether the two hazards are absolutely proportional or proportional after stratification by cohort, period, or age. When a given proportional hazards model appears adequate, we derived simple expressions for the relative hazards using identifiable APC parameters. To demonstrate the utility of these new methods, we analyzed cancer incidence rates in the United States in blacks versus whites for selected cancers. SEER special studies (00316): In 2001, the SEER program supplemented funding for three tumor registries (Iowa, LA, and Hawaii) to collect discarded formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue blocks from pathologic laboratories within their catchment areas. In a demonstration project, we validated the utility of SEERs Residual Tissue Repository (RTR) for molecular markers, using an existing set of breast cancer tissue microarrays (TMAs). Our 2nd SEER RTR will build TMAs for nearly 800 ovarian epithelial cancers (OEC). We will: 1) Assess whether tissue expression of certain molecular markers (Ki-67, P16, and P53) modify the effect of tumor grade on incidence and/or survival, and 2) Perform exploratory molecular studies to include protein and gene expression, methylation profiling, mismatch repair analysis, and tissue telomeres. Mortality Rate Generator Software (00390): The online version of the Atlas of Cancer Mortality in the United States, 1950-94, published in 1999, has been updated to include data through 2004 and is publicly available at (http://parsley.cit.nih.gov/ratecalc). Users can create customized maps according to cancer, age groups, sex, and race. US Military Cancer Institute (USMCI)/NCI Collaborative Research Program (10382): DCEG and USMCI researchers are analyzing data on more than 9 million active and retired military personnel and their families to estimate cancer rates as well as study the effects of occupational exposures and lifestyle factors on cancer risk.

一般描述性研究（00350）：年轻女性的黑色素瘤发病率正在上升，可能是由于先前受保护的身体部位受到的紫外线辐射增加。我们按年龄、性别和身体部位检查了黑色素瘤的发病率趋势。描述性方法与年龄-时期-队列参数相补充，表明黑素瘤在年轻女性中优先出现在躯干。新出现的数据表明，皮肤恶性黑色素瘤（CMM）可能通过不同的癌症途径发生，这些途径与间歇性或累积的阳光照射有关。然而，关于暴露的时间和/或年龄仍然存在许多问题。我们在SEER数据中检查了年龄对CMM发病率的影响。性别、组织病理学和解剖部位是CMM的年龄特异性影响因素。其他皮肤癌分析集中在罕见的皮肤阑尾癌和皮肤腺样囊性癌的发病率模式上。男性乳腺癌是一种罕见的疾病，占全世界所有乳腺癌诊断的不到1%。一个关于男性乳腺癌的多学科国际会议，重点强调男性和女性乳腺癌的异同。为了进一步加深我们对男性乳腺癌的了解，乳腺国际组织和北美乳腺癌组织共同努力建立了一个国际男性乳腺癌项目，并汇集了流行病学数据、临床信息和肿瘤标本。在1973年1月1日至2006年12月31日期间，在13个监测、流行病学和最终结果（SEER）登记处报告的5631例炎性乳腺癌（IBC）和447767例非IBC首次乳腺癌患者中，对浸润性对侧乳腺癌进行了分析，这些患者在诊断后存活至少2个月，一般人群在首次IBC后发生对侧乳腺癌的风险大于非IBC。国际睾丸癌发病率在北欧人群中最高，在亚洲和非洲人群中最低，并且在大多数人群中呈上升趋势，精原细胞瘤和非精原细胞瘤的趋势大致相似。在过去的50年里，非贲门胃癌的年龄标准化发病率在大多数人群中稳步下降。然而，总体比率是汇总衡量，可能掩盖了重要的年龄特定趋势。我们分析了1977年至2006年的SEER癌症发病率，发现除了25岁至39岁的白人发病率上升外，所有种族和年龄组的非贲门癌发病率都有所下降。我们根据性别、种族/民族、解剖部位和年龄对结直肠癌发病率的分析发现，盲肠癌的男女发病率比从约1上升到直肠癌的1.8，远端结肠癌的男女发病率比随年龄增长最快，从<50岁时的<1.0上升到老年时的1.4-1.9，种族/民族之间的差异较小；这些发现可能部分反映了筛查经历和获得医疗保健的差异，但也表明病因因素可能起作用。人们一直担心，在过去二十年中爆炸式增长的移动电话的使用可能会增加患脑癌的风险。我们对SEER脑癌发病率的分析发现，1992-2006年期间，除20-29岁的女性发病率显著上升外，其他年龄段的发病率呈下降或持平趋势。然而，只有额叶癌的发病率增加明显，而颞叶癌、顶叶癌或小脑癌的发病率没有明显增加，这些癌症涉及的大脑部分更容易暴露于手机的射频辐射中。这些数据并不能支持使用手机会导致脑癌的观点。伯基特淋巴瘤（BL）是一种独特的b细胞非霍奇金淋巴瘤，具有3种已确定的临床流行病学变异：地方性、散发性和艾滋病相关的BL。标准横断面年龄标准化和年龄特异性发病率按性别和种族分层，并辅以年龄队列模型。在排除许多HIV/AIDS病例登记的敏感性分析和特定时期、特定队列分析中，存在三/双峰发病率模式。接受放疗（RT）治疗霍奇金淋巴瘤（HL）的年轻女性发展为乳腺癌（BC）的风险很高。研究人群中HL后的BC特征是否与原发性BC不同仍不确定。我们在SEER数据库中的2645例35岁前诊断并接受rt治疗的5年HL幸存者中确定了166例BC病例。在15年幸存者中，er阴性/ pr阴性与er阳性/ pr阳性BC的风险增加更大，高级别肿瘤与低级别肿瘤的风险更高。我们使用30年的SEER发病率数据来调查一系列癌症的年龄特异性模式，发现人类生长、发育和致癌的复杂潜在生物学反映在不同年龄组的高度不同的模式中。在儿童时期，器官系统增大的高峰年份与癌症发病率的高峰年份相关。相反，在大多数成人发病的癌症中，暴露于外源性毒素，维持和修复的失败，以及正常细胞衰老过程中的功能障碍可能在这些恶性肿瘤的发展中发挥作用。特殊描述性研究（10348）：年龄队列（APC）分析在癌症流行病学中用于模拟癌症发病率的趋势。我们开发了两种独立原因特定危险率的APC比较分析方法，假设每个APC模型都适用。我们构建了线性假设检验，以确定这两种危险在按队列、时期或年龄分层后是绝对成比例还是成比例。当给定的比例风险模型足够时，我们使用可识别的APC参数推导出相对风险的简单表达式。为了证明这些新方法的实用性，我们分析了美国黑人与白人的癌症发病率。SEER特别研究（00316）：2001年，SEER项目为三个肿瘤登记中心（爱荷华州、洛杉矶和夏威夷）提供了补充资金，以收集其集水区内病理实验室丢弃的福尔马林固定石蜡包埋组织块。在一个示范项目中，我们使用一组现有的乳腺癌组织微阵列（tma）验证了SEERs残余组织库（RTR）用于分子标记的实用性。我们的第二个SEER RTR将为近800例卵巢上皮癌（OEC）构建TMAs。我们将：1)评估某些分子标记（Ki-67， P16和P53）的组织表达是否会改变肿瘤分级对发病率和/或生存的影响，2)进行探索性分子研究，包括蛋白质和基因表达，甲基化谱，错配修复分析和组织端粒。死亡率生成器软件（00390）：1999年出版的美国1950- 1994年癌症死亡率地图集的在线版本已更新，包括截至2004年的数据，并可在（http://parsley.cit.nih.gov/ratecalc）上公开获得。用户可以根据癌症、年龄、性别和种族创建定制地图。美国军事癌症研究所(USMCI)/NCI合作研究计划（10382）：DCEG和USMCI的研究人员正在分析900多万现役和退役军人及其家属的数据，以估计癌症发病率，并研究职业暴露和生活方式因素对癌症风险的影响。