Descriptive Studies and Record Linkage

描述性研究和记录链接

• 批准号: 8349582
• 负责人: William Anderson
• 金额: $ 30.52万
• 依托单位: DIVISION OF CANCER EPIDEMIOLOGY AND GENETICS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8349582
• 关键词: AIDS/HIV problem; Adjuvant; Adjuvant Therapy; Adult; Africa South of the Sahara; African American; Age; Anaplastic Carcinomas; Anatomic Sites; Area; Atlas of Cancer Mortality in the United States; Automobile Driving; Burkitt Lymphoma; CD4 Lymphocyte Count; Cancer Etiology; Cancer Surveillance Research; Cancer Survivor; Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S.); Characteristics; Childhood; Chondrosarcoma; Chronic; Clonal Evolution; Cohort Effect; Computer software; Cutaneous Melanoma; Data; Data Analyses; Data Linkages; Databases; Department of Defense; Diagnosis; Disease; Distant; Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics; Elderly; Epidemiology; Epithelial ovarian cancer; Estrogen Receptors; Estrogen receptor negative; Estrogen receptor positive; Ethnic group; Etiology; Exposure to; Family; Female; Future; Gender; Gene Expression; General Population; Genetic Variation; Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Health Services Accessibility; Hematologic Neoplasms; Heterogeneity; Hormonal; Human Papillomavirus; Human papilloma virus infection; Incidence; Individual; Inferior; Institutes; Left; Malignant Bone Neoplasm; Malignant Neoplasms; Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri; Malignant neoplasm of prostate; Malignant neoplasm of thyroid; Maps; Medical; Menopause; Methylation; Metric; Military Personnel; Minor; Mismatch Repair; Molecular; Multiple Myeloma; National Cancer Institute; Non-Burkitt' s Lymphoma; Non-Hodgkin' s Lymphoma; Occupational Exposure; Oncologist; Oral Contraceptives; Papillary thyroid carcinoma; Parsley - dietary; Patients; Persons; Population; Postoperative Period; Publishing; Race; Radioisotopes; Registries; Relative (related person); Research; Research Personnel; Risk; Risk Factors; Role; Rosa; SEER Program; Screening procedure; Side; Skin Cancer; Staging; Subgroup; Sunlight; Survival Rate; TP53 gene; Time; Tissue Microarray; Tissues; UV Radiation Exposure; Update; Vaccination; Woman; age group; aged; bone; boys; breast cancer diagnosis; cancer health disparity; cancer risk; cancer type; chemotherapy; cohort; disorder prevention; falls; geographic difference; hormone therapy; lifestyle factors; male; malignant breast neoplasm; malignant stomach neoplasm; melanoma; men; middle age; molecular marker; mortality; mouth squamous cell carcinoma; neoplasm registry; osteosarcoma; outcome forecast; policy implication; population based; programs; protein expression; racial and ethnic; receptor expression; sex; telomere; treatment effect; trend; tumor; tumor registry

General descriptive studies (00350): We used the National Cancer Institutes SEER incidence data to investigate age, period, and cohort effects on bone cancer incidence by histological type, finding that osteosarcoma rates decreased among those aged over 60 years, perhaps related to diminished exposure over time to bone-seeking radionuclides. In contrast, chondrosarcoma rates among females ages 20-69 years rose by about 50%, corresponding to cohorts born during 1935-1975 with subsequent rising exposures to oral contraceptives and menopausal hormonal therapy. An analysis of SEER data revealed a significant left-sided excess of melanoma skin cancer among males that was less pronounced among females, consistent with the hypothesis that UV exposure while driving may increase risk. Multiple myeloma (MM) is the most common hematologic malignancy in blacks. Some prior studies suggest inferior survival in blacks while others suggest similar survival. Using the SEER database, we analyzed 5798 black and 28 939 white myeloma patients. Results showed that disease specific and relative survival rates were higher in blacks than whites, but survival improvements were less for blacks than whites over time. African American men have among the highest prostate cancer incidence rates in the world. We compared US rates with those among black men in sub-Saharan Africa and found that the latter were considerably lower, were increasing over time, and have been comparable to those for distant stage in African Americans, likely due to differences in medical care access, screening, registry quality, genetic diversity, and Westernization. Breast cancer is a chronic and heterogeneous disease that may recur many years after initial diagnosis and treatment. This has important implications for the practicing oncologist. For instance, an early effect of adjuvant (or postoperative) treatment may diminish over time or, alternatively, there may be a lag time before some treatment effects become pronounced. Indeed, there is compelling evidence that commonly used adjuvant hormonal and chemotherapies may have main and minor effects soon or later after initial breast cancer diagnosis, respectively. Therefore, the elucidation of the time-dependent effects of adjuvant therapy will become increasingly important in the future as the number of long-term breast cancer survivors continues to increase. The U.S. Military and general populations may differ in the exposure to sunlight and other risk factors for melanoma and therefore the incidence rates of melanoma may be different in these two populations. However, few studies have compared melanoma incidence rates and trends over time between the military and the general population. We compared data from the Department of Defense Automated Central and SEER. Results showed that melanoma rates overall were significantly lower in the military than in the general US population. Age-specific analyses of non-cardia gastric cancer incidence reveal divergent trends among US whites: rates are declining in individuals aged 40 years and older but rising in younger persons. To investigate this heterogeneity further, incidence trends were evaluated by anatomical subsite using SEER and the US Centers for Disease Control and Preventions National Program of Cancer Registries. Long- and short-term incidence trends for gastric cancers showed a shifting distribution by anatomical subsite suggesting that corpus (or body) cancers of the stomach may have distinctive etiology. Human papillomavirus (HPV) related and unrelated oral squamous cell carcinomas develop at younger ages than HPV unrelated tumors and have increased over time. These observations intimate a major emerging role for HPV infection in the epidemiology of head and neck squamous cell carcinomas, especially among men. If current trends continue, the annual number of HPV related oral squamous cell carcinomas among men is expected to surpass the number of cervical cancers by 2020. These observations have important policy implications pertaining to HPV vaccination of boys in the U.S. Historically, the relationships between epidemiological variables and estrogen receptor (ER) expression were not clearly defined for breast cancer. Some investigators suggested that all breast cancers were initially ER positive, but subsequently progressed to ER negative through clonal evolution. However, if ER positive expression was simply an early stage of ER negative breast cancer, it seemed counterintuitive for ER positive cancers to increase with advancing age in population-based tumor registries such as SEER; i.e., ER positive cancer populations should be younger (not older) than ER negative populations. Alternatively, breast cancer overall reflect the superimposition of 2 main types according to ER expression. Additionally, after correcting for missing or unknown ER data in the SEER database, heterogeneous secular trends were observed by ER expression with rising ER positive and falling ER negative incidence rates. If current trends continue, ER positive cancers are projected to increase another 5% and ER negative cancers are projected to decrease another 11% by 2016. Histological type-specific thyroid cancer incidence rates were found to vary by racial/ethnic group, gender, and age. In contrast to age-specific rates of papillary thyroid cancer that peaked in midlife, especially among women, rates for follicular, medullary, and anaplastic types continued to rise across virtually the entire age range, especially for anaplastic carcinomas. Female-to-male incidence rate ratios among whites decreased with age most steeply for the follicular type and least steeply for the medullary type. A comparison of Burkitt lymphoma (BL) and non-BL non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) incidence among persons in a US cohort of HIV/AIDS found that the BL rates were trimodal with peaks at pediatric, adult, and geriatric ages, in contrast to non-BL NHL rates that rose from childhood to the adult years and remained fairly constant thereafter; the BL rates generally declined with decreasing CD4 lymphocyte count whereas those for non-BL NHL rose. Previous research has noted higher cancer mortality rates and lower survival among males than females. However, systematic comparisons of these two metrics by sex have been limited. We extracted U.S. vital rates and survival data from the SEER program for 36 cancers by sex. In general, the Male-to-female mortality rate ratios were markedly elevated while the corresponding cancer survival disparities were much less pronounced. This suggests that sex-related cancer disparities are more strongly related to etiology than prognosis.et of breast cancer tissue microarrays (TMAs). Our 2nd SEER RTR will build TMAs for nearly 800 ovarian epithelial cancers (OEC). We will: 1) Assess whether tissue expression of certain molecular markers (Ki-67, P16, and P53) modify the effect of tumor grade on incidence and/or survival, and 2) Perform exploratory molecular studies to include protein and gene expression, methylation profiling, mismatch repair analysis, and tissue telomeres. Mortality Rate Generator Software (00390): The online version of the Atlas of Cancer Mortality in the United States, 1950-94, published in 1999, has been updated to include data through 2004 and is publicly available at (http://parsley.cit.nih.gov/ratecalc). Users can create customized maps according to cancer, age groups, sex, and race. US Military Cancer Institute (USMCI)/NCI Collaborative Research Program (10382): DCEG and USMCI researchers are analyzing data on more than 9 million active and retired military personnel and their families to estimate cancer rates as well as study the effects of occupational exposures and lifestyle factors on cancer risk.

一般描述性研究（00350）：我们使用美国国家癌症研究所SEER发病率数据，按组织学类型调查年龄、时期和队列对骨癌发病率的影响，发现在60岁以上的人群中，骨肉瘤发病率下降，这可能与长期暴露于寻骨放射性核素的减少有关。相比之下，20-69岁女性的软骨肉瘤发病率上升了约50%，这与1935-1975年出生的人群相对应，随后口服避孕药和绝经期激素治疗的接触量增加。一项对SEER数据的分析显示，男性左侧黑色素瘤皮肤癌显著增加，而女性则不那么明显，这与驾驶时暴露在紫外线下可能增加风险的假设一致。多发性骨髓瘤（MM）是黑人最常见的血液恶性肿瘤。先前的一些研究表明黑人的存活率较低，而另一些研究表明黑人的存活率相似。使用SEER数据库，我们分析了5798名黑人和28939名白人骨髓瘤患者。结果显示，黑人的疾病特异性和相对存活率高于白人，但随着时间的推移，黑人的生存改善不如白人。非裔美国人是世界上前列腺癌发病率最高的人群之一。我们比较了美国与撒哈拉以南非洲黑人男性的发病率，发现后者的发病率要低得多，并且随着时间的推移而增加，与非洲裔美国人的发病率相当，这可能是由于医疗服务、筛查、登记质量、遗传多样性和西方化方面的差异。乳腺癌是一种慢性和异质性疾病，可能在最初诊断和治疗多年后复发。这对执业肿瘤学家具有重要意义。例如，辅助（或术后）治疗的早期效果可能随着时间的推移而减弱，或者，在某些治疗效果变得明显之前可能存在滞后时间。事实上，有令人信服的证据表明，常用的辅助激素和化疗可能在乳腺癌最初诊断后不久或稍后分别产生主要和次要影响。因此，随着乳腺癌长期幸存者数量的不断增加，阐明辅助治疗的时间依赖性效应在未来将变得越来越重要。美国军人和普通人群在阳光照射和其他黑色素瘤风险因素方面可能有所不同，因此这两种人群的黑色素瘤发病率可能不同。然而，很少有研究比较军人和普通人群之间黑色素瘤的发病率和趋势。我们比较了国防部自动化中心和SEER的数据。结果显示，军人的黑色素瘤发病率总体上明显低于美国普通人群。非贲门胃癌发病率的年龄特异性分析揭示了美国白人的不同趋势：40岁及以上人群的发病率下降，但年轻人的发病率上升。为了进一步研究这种异质性，使用SEER和美国疾病控制和预防中心国家癌症登记项目通过解剖亚位点评估了发病率趋势。胃癌的长期和短期发病率趋势显示出解剖亚位点的变化分布，表明胃癌可能具有不同的病因。人乳头瘤病毒（HPV）相关和不相关的口腔鳞状细胞癌比HPV不相关的肿瘤发生的年龄更小，并且随着时间的推移而增加。这些观察结果揭示了HPV感染在头颈部鳞状细胞癌流行病学中的重要作用，特别是在男性中。如果目前的趋势继续下去，预计到2020年，每年男性中与HPV相关的口腔鳞状细胞癌的数量将超过宫颈癌的数量。这些观察结果对美国男孩的HPV疫苗接种具有重要的政策意义。历史上，流行病学变量和雌激素受体（ER）表达之间的关系在乳腺癌中没有明确定义。一些研究人员认为，所有乳腺癌最初都是ER阳性，但随后通过克隆进化进展为ER阴性。然而，如果ER阳性表达仅仅是ER阴性乳腺癌的早期阶段，那么在基于人群的肿瘤登记处（如SEER）中，ER阳性癌症随着年龄的增长而增加似乎是违反直觉的；也就是说，雌激素受体阳性的癌症人群应该比雌激素受体阴性的人群更年轻（而不是更老）。另一方面，乳腺癌根据ER的表达总体上反映了2种主要类型的叠加。此外，在校正了SEER数据库中缺失或未知的ER数据后，通过ER表达观察到异质性的长期趋势，ER阳性发病率上升，ER阴性发病率下降。如果目前的趋势继续下去，预计到2016年，雌激素受体阳性癌症将再增加5%，雌激素受体阴性癌症将再减少11%。组织学类型特异性甲状腺癌发病率因种族/民族、性别和年龄而异。与年龄特异性甲状腺乳头状癌的发病率在中年达到高峰（尤其是女性）相反，滤泡型、髓样型和间变性型的发病率几乎在整个年龄段都在持续上升，尤其是间变性癌。白人的男女发病率比随着年龄的增长而下降，滤泡型的下降幅度最大，髓样型的下降幅度最小。美国HIV/AIDS队列中伯基特淋巴瘤（BL）和非BL -非霍奇金淋巴瘤（NHL）发病率的比较发现，BL发病率呈三峰型，在儿童、成人和老年年龄段达到高峰，而非BL - NHL发病率从儿童期上升到成年期，此后保持相当稳定；随着CD4淋巴细胞计数的减少，非BL型NHL的发生率普遍下降，而非BL型NHL的发生率上升。先前的研究表明，男性的癌症死亡率比女性高，存活率比女性低。然而，按性别对这两个指标进行系统比较的研究有限。我们从SEER项目中按性别提取了36种癌症的美国生命率和生存率数据。总的来说，男性与女性的死亡率比明显升高，而相应的癌症生存差异则不那么明显。这表明与性别相关的癌症差异与病因的关系比与预后的关系更强。乳腺癌组织微阵列（tma）我们的第二个SEER RTR将为近800例卵巢上皮癌（OEC）构建TMAs。我们将：1)评估某些分子标记（Ki-67， P16和P53）的组织表达是否会改变肿瘤分级对发病率和/或生存的影响，2)进行探索性分子研究，包括蛋白质和基因表达，甲基化谱，错配修复分析和组织端粒。死亡率生成器软件（00390）：1999年出版的美国1950- 1994年癌症死亡率地图集的在线版本已更新，包括截至2004年的数据，并可在（http://parsley.cit.nih.gov/ratecalc）上公开获得。用户可以根据癌症、年龄、性别和种族创建定制地图。美国军事癌症研究所(USMCI)/NCI合作研究计划（10382）：DCEG和USMCI的研究人员正在分析900多万现役和退役军人及其家属的数据，以估计癌症发病率，并研究职业暴露和生活方式因素对癌症风险的影响。