Novel Therapeutic Approaches to Tuberculosis

描述（由申请人提供）：要求支持由Christopher M. Sassetti和Thomas G. Evans组织的名为“结核病新治疗方法”的Keystone专题会议。会议将于2014年3月30日至4月4日在科罗拉多州的基斯顿举行。尽管经过了一个多世纪的研究，每年仍有数百万人死于结核病。我们无法控制这种疾病的原因是有据可查的：缺乏有效的疫苗，低效的化疗，以及无法预测谁有患病风险。传统的抗菌和疫苗开发方法在结核病治疗方面只产生了渐进式的改进，并且对发展中国家的传播影响甚微。本次会议将探讨通过直接抗微生物药物干预或操纵宿主免疫来治疗这种疾病的新策略。全体会议将探讨三个主题领域：1)结核分枝杆菌炎症反应的机制，以及通过操纵这种反应来改善疾病的新策略；2)加速结核病化疗的新方法，重点是遗传/化学协同作用、持久性细菌群体的特异性靶向和宿主导向的抗菌治疗；3)潜伏性和活动性疾病的免疫治疗，重点是细胞因子调节和治疗性疫苗。本次研讨会将聚集来自免疫学、细菌学、细胞生物学和治疗发展领域的科学家。为了确保在实际治疗解决方案的背景下讨论基础科学的见解，与会者将来自学术和工业机构。将特别强调从其他系统（如癌症、急性炎症和病毒感染）收集的可应用于结核病的经验教训。这种背景和方法的多样性将鼓励开发真正新颖的方法来治疗这种毁灭性疾病。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Support is requested for a Keystone Symposia meeting entitled Novel Therapeutic Approaches to Tuberculosis, organized by Christopher M. Sassetti and Thomas G. Evans. The meeting will be held in Keystone, Colorado from March 30 - April 4, 2014. Despite more than a century of research, tuberculosis kills millions every year. The reasons we are unable to control this disease are well documented: the lack of an effective vaccine, inefficient chemotherapy, and an inability to predict who is at risk of disease. Traditionl approaches to antibacterial and vaccine development have produced only incremental improvements in TB therapy, and have had little effect on transmission in the developing world. This meeting will explore novel strategies to treat this disease, either through direct antimicrobil interventions or the manipulation of host immunity. Plenary sessions will explore three topical areas: 1) The mechanisms underlying the inflammatory response to M. tuberculosis, and novel strategies to ameliorate disease through the manipulation of this response; 2) New approaches to accelerate TB chemotherapy, concentrating on genetic/chemical synergies, specific targeting of persistent bacterial populations, and host-directed antimicrobial therapies; and 3) Immunotherapy for both latent and active disease, with an emphasis on cytokine modulation and therapeutic vaccines. This symposium will assemble a diverse group of scientists specializing in immunology, bacteriology, cell biology, and therapeutic development. To ensure that insights from basic science are discussed in the context of practical therapeutic solutions, attendees will be drawn from both academic and industrial institutions. A particular emphasis will be placed on lessons gleaned from other systems, such as cancer, acute inflammation, and viral infections, which could be applied to tuberculosis. This diversity of background and approach will encourage the development of truly novel approaches to treat this devastating disease.