One Health Innovation Fellowships for Zoonotic Disease Research In Mongolia

描述（由申请人提供）：响应全球卫生创新框架计划，该提案建立在已建立的美国-蒙古多学科伙伴关系的基础上，以解决蒙古的人畜共患病负担。近几十年来，蒙古经历了重大的经济和环境变化，并遭受了许多大规模的人畜共患病流行。本次提交的长期目标是制定一项全球卫生培训计划，以激发创新的多学科团队解决问题的解决方案，从而开发产品，改变疾病过程，并指导低收入或中等收入国家控制人畜共患病的政策。在这一努力中，我们将采用One Health跨学科培训，并促进公共、兽医和环境卫生领域的合作，每年为一名美国博士后和两名蒙古博士后学员提供培训（培训期为2年）。这些专业人员将组成一个三人的"一个健康"小组，代表三个卫生部门。在5年的时间里，4个这样的团队（12名博士后研究员）将从事人畜共患病问题的解决。在为期2年的第一阶段，团队将在佛罗里达大学（UF）进行为期2个月的培训。他们将获得9个学分的一个健康 教学培训（一个健康证书）以及人类和动物研究道德行为培训。而在佛罗里达，博士后团队将满足每周与六名成员组成的内部咨询委员会（IAC，4美国和3蒙古成员）谁将构成人畜共患病的问题，并指导他们在从事不同的专家组在UF在开发一个试点研究项目和预算。而在佛罗里达，博士后团队将他们的人畜共患病的问题和项目的想法，以确定创新的解决方案的问题，并确定UF和后来的蒙古研究导师的目标在UF的各种专业团体（例如动物科学，食品安全，环境工程师，生态学家，地理学家，以及新兴疾病，公共卫生和兽医卫生专业人士）。在第一阶段培训的最后一周，博士后团队将向IAC提交他们的项目，以获得最终批准和研究基金。博士后团队随后将前往蒙古，在最合适的蒙古政府合作机构设立研究总部，并推进试点研究的执行。虽然博士后团队将至少每周与他们的导师接触，每月与IAC接触，但该计划将强调博士后研究员独立解决团队问题。蒙古将大大受益于全球卫生创新"一个健康"研究框架的实施。自1992年转向市场经济以来，蒙古经历了快速的变化，采矿业务和绵羊，山羊和牛的动物生产增加。大部分通常游牧的游牧人口已开始向城市地区迁移，并将以前互不联系的人类和动物种群引入新的环境地形。由于复杂的原因，人类和动物都遭受了越来越多的人畜共患疾病，包括布鲁氏菌病、炭疽、人畜共患流感、狂犬病和立克次体病。人畜共患疾病对经济和健康都构成威胁，因为该国经济的很大一部分继续依赖动物生产。然而，由于资源有限，蒙古卫生专业人员的研究和诊断能力有限。公共、兽医和环境卫生部门的基础设施发展、诊断实验室设施的改善、监测网络的加强以及"一个健康"教育的先进性，以应对复杂的人畜共患病预防和控制战略，都是非常必要的。该计划将加强佛罗里达大学和蒙古多个合作卫生机构的创新人畜共患病培训和研究的机构能力。它还将成为其他有人畜共患疾病负担的低收入中等收入国家类似干预措施的示范方案。该项目的具体目标是：1）确定蒙古人畜共患病发病率的风险和条件; 2）通过采用美国一所大型多学科大学的现代技术，并遵循跨学科团队的方法，制定创新的"一个健康"战略，以解决蒙古人畜共患病问题; 3）采用培训培训员的方法，向蒙古全国的区域公共、动物和环境卫生专业人员传授新的预防和控制技术;（4）将科学发现转化为预防措施或产品，以帮助减轻全世界牧民的人畜共患病负担。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Responding to the Framework Programs for Global Health Innovation, this proposal builds upon an established US-Mongolia multidisciplinary partnership to address zoonotic disease burdens in Mongolia. In recent decades, Mongolia has experienced major economic and environmental changes, and suffered many large epidemics of zoonotic diseases. The long term goal of this submission is to develop a global health training program that elicits innovative, multidisciplinary team problem-solving solutions to develop products, alter disease processes, and guide policies in controlling zoonotic diseases in low- or middle- income countries. In this effort, we will employ One Health cross-disciplinary training and foster collaborations in public, veterinary, and environmental health sectors for one American and two Mongolian postdoctoral trainees per year (2-yr training period). These professionals will comprise a 3-person 'One Health' team that represents each of the three health sectors. Over the 5-yr period 4 such teams (12 postdoctoral fellows) will be engaged in zoonotic disease problem solving. In Phase I of the 2-yr period, teams will convene at the University of Florida (UF) for 2 months of training. They will receive 9 credit hours of One Health didactic training (Certificate in One Health) as well as training in ethical conduct of human and animal research. While in Florida, the postdoctoral teams will meet each week with a six- member Internal Advisory Committee (IAC, 4 US and 3 Mongolian members) who will pose zoonotic disease problems and guide them in engaging diverse expert groups at UF in developing a pilot research project and budget. While in Florida, the postdoctoral team will pitch their zoonotic disease problems and their ideas for projects to various professional groups at UF (e.g. animal science, food safety, environmental engineers, ecologists, geographers, as well as emerging disease, public health, and veterinary health professionals) with a goal of identifying innovative solutions to the problem and identifying UF and later Mongolian research mentors. During the last week of Phase I training, the postdoctoral team will present their project to the IAC for final approval and research fund release. The postdoctoral team will then travel to Mongolia and set up a research headquarters in the most appropriate Mongolian government collaborating institution, and move forward with pilot study execution. While the postdoctoral team will have at least weekly contact with their mentors and monthly contact with the IAC, this program will emphasize independent team problem solving by the postdoctoral fellows. Mongolia will greatly benefit from the implementation of a One Health research framework for global health innovation. Since moving to a market economy in 1992, Mongolia has undergone rapid change with increases in mining operations and animal production of sheep, goats, and cattle. Large segments of the normally nomadic pastoral populations have begun migrating to urban areas and introducing previously unconnected human and animal populations to new environmental terrains. For complex reasons, both humans and animals have suffered from increased zoonotic diseases, including brucellosis, anthrax, zoonotic influenza, rabies, and rickettsia diseases. Zoonotic diseases are both economic and health threats, as a large portion of the country's economy continue to rely upon animal production. Yet due to limited resources, Mongolia's health professionals have limited research and diagnostic capacity. There is a tremendous need for infrastructure development in the public, veterinary, and environmental health sectors, improved diagnostic laboratory facilities, stronger surveillance networks, and advanced One Health education to address complex zoonotic disease prevention and control strategies. This program will strengthen institutional capacity for innovative zoonotic disease training and research at both the University of Florida and at the multiple collaborating health institutions in Mongolia. It will also serve as a model program for similar interventions in other LMIC countries with zoonotic disease burdens. The specific aims of this project are to 1) identify the risks and conditions associated with zoonotic disease morbidity in Mongolia; 2) by employing modern technologies available at a large multidisciplinary US university and following a cross-disciplinary team approach, develop innovative One Health strategies to solve zoonotic disease problems in Mongolia; 3) following a train-the-trainer approach, transfer novel prevention and control techniques to regional public, animal, and environmental health professionals throughout Mongolia; and 4) translate scientific findings into prevention practices or products that will help to reduce the burden of zoonotic diseases among pastoral people worldwide.