Personalized mobile app intervention: Challenging alcohol expectancies to reduce high-risk alcohol use and consequences

项目总结/摘要 酒精是中学后教育学生使用最普遍的精神活性物质， 与各种短期和长期的负面后果有关。虽然许多学生经历 虽然有负面影响，但有些人继续以有问题的水平饮酒。本提案扩大了 一项研究计划，重点是了解酒精预期，酒精使用和 通过为社区大学和4年制大学开发移动的电话干预的相关后果 学生我们之前的工作（R 01 AA 016979，PI Lee）研究了预期如何影响饮酒， 结果;当检查结果对学习的影响时， 对酒精影响的未来预期;以及这些关系对谁存在。我们收集了三次数据， 在一年中的四个季度中的每个季度，我们发现日常饮酒和 预期和第二天的高风险酒精使用之间的日常后果和第二天的预期。 总的来说，研究结果有重要的意义，干预交付的时间，以目标每日的期望。的 目前的研究测试了基于这些发现的干预措施，并利用个人的日常生活进行实时反馈。 预期，使用和后果，并建立在两个NIAAA认可的战略，以解决高风险 大学生饮酒：挑战酒精相关的预期，传统上通过体内 实验设计和电子个性化反馈。体内酒精预期的局限性 挑战（AEC）干预措施包括由于缺乏广泛实施的可行性而导致的低利用率。 因此，目前的竞争更新应用将设计一个移动的电话应用程序（app）， 收集和干预。这种电子、移动的AEC（mAEC）干预旨在挑战日常- 降低饮酒预期，减少高风险饮酒和不良后果。我们将合并 方法和结果，从我们以前的R 01开发mAEC，这将是每天实施，跨越14天， 随访12个月。该mAEC将提供个性化的，基于学生的日常反馈， 饮酒意图、酒精预期和后果。450名高风险大学饮酒者的样本来自 社区和四年制大学都将被招募，并随机分为两种情况， mAEC和仅评估对照（AOC）条件的有效性。具体目标是审查（1） mAEC干预相对于AOC的有效性，（2）作为干预介质的总体预期 有效性，以及（3）干预是否削弱了积极期望和 结果，并加强负面预期和后果之间的日常联系。MAEC 干预有可能对实地产生重大影响，因为它将是可扩展的， 传播。制定一项针对个人日常饮酒的药物支持干预措施 期望和饮酒意图可能被证明特别有效。

PROJECT SUMMARY / ABSTRACT Alcohol is the most prevalent psychoactive substance used by students in post-secondary education and is associated with a variety of short- and long-term negative consequences. Although many students experience negative consequences, some continue to drink at problematic levels. The present proposal extends a program of research focused on understanding daily process models of alcohol expectancies, alcohol use, and related consequences by developing a mobile phone intervention for community college and 4-year college students. Our prior work (R01AA016979, PI Lee) examined how expectancies influence drinking and consequences later that day; how learning might take place when examining the influence of consequences on future expectations of alcohol's effects; and for whom these relationships exist. We collected data three times a day for 2 weeks in each of four quarters across 1 year. We found important links between daily alcohol expectancies and next-day high-risk alcohol use and between daily consequences and next-day expectancies. Overall, findings have important implications for timing of intervention delivery to target daily expectancies. The present study tests an intervention based on these findings, with real-time feedback using individuals' daily expectancies, use, and consequences, and builds on two NIAAA-endorsed strategies for addressing high-risk college student drinking: challenging alcohol-related expectancies, traditionally done through in-vivo experimental designs, and electronic personalized feedback. Limitations of in-vivo alcohol expectancy challenge (AEC) interventions include low utilization due to lack of feasibility for widespread implementation. Therefore, the present competing renewal application will design a mobile phone application (app) for data collection and intervention. This electronic, mobile AEC (mAEC) intervention is designed to challenge daily- level alcohol expectancies and reduce high-risk drinking and negative consequences. We will incorporate methods and results from our prior R01 to develop mAEC, which will be implemented daily across 14 days with follow-ups through 12 months. The mAEC will provide personalized, daily feedback based on students' drinking intentions, alcohol expectancies, and consequences. A sample of 450 high-risk college drinkers from both community and 4-year colleges will be recruited and randomized to one of two conditions to compare the efficacy of the mAEC and an assessment-only control (AOC) condition. Specific aims are to examine (1) the efficacy of the mAEC intervention relative to AOC, (2) global expectancies as mediators of intervention efficacy, and (3) whether the intervention weakens the daily link between positive expectancies and consequences and strengthens the daily link between negative expectancies and consequences. The mAEC intervention has the potential to have a major impact on the field because it will be scalable and easily disseminated. The development of an empirically-supported intervention that targets individuals' daily alcohol expectancies and drinking intentions may prove particularly efficacious.