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Visual cortical mechanisms for the perception of self-generated vs. external motion

感知自生运动与外部运动的视觉皮层机制

基本信息

批准号：
10703373
负责人：
Stephen Louis Macknik
金额：
$ 49.93万
依托单位：
SUNY DOWNSTATE MEDICAL CENTER
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2020
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2020-09-01 至 2025-08-31
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10703373
关键词：
Address Affect Amblyopia Attention Automobile Driving Behavior Behavioral Brain Computer Models Data Detection Discrimination Disease Dissociation Drops Electrodes Equilibrium Eye Eye Movements Feedback Future Human Image Judgment Knowledge Lead Link Measurement Measures Methods Modeling Monkeys Motion Motion Perception National Eye Institute Neurons Ocular Fixation Ocular Physiology Outcome Pathway interactions Perception Performance Persons Phase Physiological Population Primates Process Production Proprioception Psychometrics Psychophysics Publishing Research Research Priority Retina Role Saccades Self Perception Signal Transduction Source Space Perception Stimulus Strabismus System Techniques Texture Therapeutic Time V1 neuron Variant Vertigo Vision Visual Visual Cortex Visual Perception Work area striata awake biophysical model detection sensitivity equilibration disorder experimental study extrastriate information processing loss of function nervous system disorder neural neuroadaptation neuromechanism neurophysiology neurotransmission nonhuman primate novel novel strategies object motion oculomotor programs response retinal imaging statistics visual processing

项目摘要

How do we distinguish motion in the world from similar retinal image displacements due to eye movements? This problem has special importance in diseases such as vertigo and a variety of spatial orientation disorders, where deficits in motion perception—including the suppression of self-motion—lead to devastating conse- quences. Impaired balance and motion perception substantially impact people’s daily lives, hindering spatial judgments and impeding performance during bodily motion tasks, such as ambulating or driving a vehicle. Until we know how the brain differentiates self-motion from external motion, we will be unable to develop therapeutic advances to address such disorders. Pioneering research in the 1960's - 90's—indeed the first published awake non-human primate (NHP) vision study—asked whether early cortical neurons discerned ocular from external motion, with the majority concluding that primary visual cortex (V1) neurons responded similarly to either type of motion. These studies used different tasks for self-generated vs external motion conditions, however, meaning that the respective neural responses evoked by either motion were not directly comparable. Thus, no research to date has developed a model for how neurons in V1 respond to external vs. self-generated motion. Recent work from the MPIs' labs, and others, has begun to use novel methods to directly compare self- vs real-motion responses in V1. We propose a transformative study to leverage these new techniques to evaluate the responses of V1 neurons to saccadic eye movements of all sizes under equivalent stimuli motions, with directly comparable viewing tasks in all conditions, in all layers of V1 simultaneously, and to develop a model that links the specific contributions of V1 circuits to perception. Our preliminary data suggests that V1 neurons can differentiate be- tween self-generated and external motion, driving our hypotheses: 1) V1 neurons distinguish between self- generated ocular motion vs. external retinal image motion, 2) an inhibitory feedback signal occurs during re- sponses to self-generated motion to drive the discrimination process, and 3) V1 responses to eye movements interact with responses driven by external motion in a nonlinear—though predictable—fashion, leading to both physiological and perceptual effects on the detection of retinal motion. By comparing neurophysiological re- sponses directly to perception in behaving NHPs, we will determine the contribution of V1 neurons to discerning external vs self-generated motion, as well as the provenance of any feedback (and/or perhaps feedforward) signals, using laminar analysis. These studies will establish the contributions of signals arriving to (or arising within) different V1 layers, so as to dissociate external vs self- motion. We will create quantitative models (based on our previously established models) using the new ground truth measurements from the proposed research, to determine the precise neural and perceptual consequences of each V1 circuit involved. The studies will elu- cidate loss of function in various oculomotor and neurological disorders and as such is directly relevant to the research priorities of the Strabismus, Amblyopia, and Visual Processing program at the National Eye Institute.

我们如何区分世界上的运动和由于眼球运动引起的类似视网膜图像位移？这个问题对于眩晕和各种空间定向障碍等疾病特别重要，运动感知的缺陷——包括自我运动的抑制——会导致毁灭性的后果序列。平衡和运动感知受损严重影响人们的日常生活，阻碍空间身体运动任务（例如行走或驾驶车辆）期间的判断和妨碍表现。直到我们知道大脑如何区分自我运动和外部运动，我们将无法开发治疗方法解决此类疾病的进展。 20 世纪 60 年代至 90 年代的开创性研究——实际上是第一个发表的清醒研究非人类灵长类动物 (NHP) 视觉研究——询问早期皮层神经元是否能辨别眼睛和外部运动，大多数人得出结论，初级视觉皮层 (V1) 神经元对任一类型的反应都相似运动。然而，这些研究针对自生运动条件和外部运动条件使用了不同的任务，这意味着任何一个运动引起的各自的神经反应都不能直接比较。因此，没有研究迄今为止，我们已经开发出一个模型来解释 V1 神经元如何响应外部运动和自身产生的运动。最近的 MPI 实验室和其他实验室的工作已开始使用新颖的方法来直接比较自我运动与真实运动 V1 中的响应。我们提出一项变革性研究，利用这些新技术来评估反应 V1 神经元在同等刺激运动下对各种大小的眼跳运动的影响，可直接比较同时查看所有条件下、V1 所有层中的任务，并开发一个链接特定任务的模型 V1 回路对感知的贡献。我们的初步数据表明 V1 神经元可以区分：介于自身产生和外部运动之间，推动我们的假设：1）V1 神经元区分自身运动和外部运动。生成的眼部运动与外部视网膜图像运动，2）在重新生成期间出现抑制反馈信号对自身产生的运动做出反应以驱动辨别过程，以及 3) V1 对眼球运动的反应以非线性但可预测的方式与外部运动驱动的响应相互作用，从而导致对视网膜运动检测的生理和知觉影响。通过比较神经生理学重新直接响应 NHP 行为的感知，我们将确定 V1 神经元对辨别的贡献外部运动与自产生运动，以及任何反馈（和/或可能是前馈）的来源信号，使用层流分析。这些研究将确定信号到达（或产生）的贡献在）不同的 V1 层内，以便分离外部运动与自运动。我们将创建定量模型（基于在我们之前建立的模型上）使用拟议研究中的新地面实况测量，确定所涉及的每个 V1 回路的精确神经和感知结果。这些研究将阐明- cidate 在各种动眼神经和神经系统疾病中丧失功能，因此与国家眼科研究所斜视、弱视和视觉处理项目的研究重点。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（11）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Gaze mechanisms enabling the detection of faint stars in the night sky.

DOI：
10.1111/ejn.15335
发表时间：
2021-08
期刊：
The European journal of neuroscience
影响因子：
0
作者：
Alexander RG;Mintz RJ;Custodio PJ;Macknik SL;Vaziri A;Venkatakrishnan A;Gindina S;Martinez-Conde S
通讯作者：
Martinez-Conde S

Visual Illusions in Radiology: Untrue Perceptions in Medical Images and Their Implications for Diagnostic Accuracy.

DOI：
10.3389/fnins.2021.629469
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
Frontiers in neuroscience
影响因子：
4.3
作者：
Alexander RG;Yazdanie F;Waite S;Chaudhry ZA;Kolla S;Macknik SL;Martinez-Conde S
通讯作者：
Martinez-Conde S

Perceptual hue, lightness, and chroma are represented in a multidimensional functional anatomical map in macaque V1.

猕猴 V1 的感知色调、亮度和色度以多维功能解剖图表示

DOI：
10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102251
发表时间：
2022-05
期刊：
PROGRESS IN NEUROBIOLOGY
影响因子：
6.7
作者：
Li, Ming;Ju, Niansheng;Jiang, Rundong;Liu, Fang;Jiang, Hongfei;Macknik, Stephen;Martinez-Conde, Susana;Tang, Shiming
通讯作者：
Tang, Shiming

Microsaccades mediate perceptual alternations in Monet's "Impression, sunrise".