Visual cortical mechanisms for the perception of self-generated vs. external motion

感知自生运动与外部运动的视觉皮层机制

• 批准号: 10238153
• 负责人: Stephen Louis Macknik
• 金额: $ 48.43万
• 依托单位: SUNY DOWNSTATE MEDICAL CENTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2020
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2020-09-01 至 2025-08-31
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10238153
• 关键词: Address; Affect; Amblyopia; Attention; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Computer Models; Data; Detection; Discrimination; Disease; Drops; Electrodes; Equilibrium; Eye; Eye Movements; Feedback; Future; Human; Image; Judgment; Knowledge; Lead; Link; Measurement; Measures; Methods; Modeling; Monkeys; Motion; Motion Perception; National Eye Institute; Neurons; Ocular Fixation; Ocular Physiology; Outcome; Pathway interactions; Perception; Performance; Physiological; Play; Population; Primates; Process; Production; Proprioception; Psychometrics; Psychophysics; Publishing; Research; Research Priority; Retina; Role; Saccades; Self Perception; Signal Transduction; Source; Space Perception; Stimulus; Strabismus; System; Techniques; Texture; Therapeutic; Time; Tweens; V1 neuron; Variant; Vertigo; Vision; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual Perception; Work; area striata; awake; base; biophysical model; detection sensitivity; equilibration disorder; experimental study; extrastriate; information processing; loss of function; nervous system disorder; neuroadaptation; neuromechanism; neurophysiology; neurotransmission; nonhuman primate; novel; novel strategies; object motion; oculomotor; programs; relating to nervous system; response; retinal imaging; statistics; visual processing

How do we distinguish motion in the world from similar retinal image displacements due to eye movements? This problem has special importance in diseases such as vertigo and a variety of spatial orientation disorders, where deficits in motion perception—including the suppression of self-motion—lead to devastating conse- quences. Impaired balance and motion perception substantially impact people’s daily lives, hindering spatial judgments and impeding performance during bodily motion tasks, such as ambulating or driving a vehicle. Until we know how the brain differentiates self-motion from external motion, we will be unable to develop therapeutic advances to address such disorders. Pioneering research in the 1960's - 90's—indeed the first published awake non-human primate (NHP) vision study—asked whether early cortical neurons discerned ocular from external motion, with the majority concluding that primary visual cortex (V1) neurons responded similarly to either type of motion. These studies used different tasks for self-generated vs external motion conditions, however, meaning that the respective neural responses evoked by either motion were not directly comparable. Thus, no research to date has developed a model for how neurons in V1 respond to external vs. self-generated motion. Recent work from the MPIs' labs, and others, has begun to use novel methods to directly compare self- vs real-motion responses in V1. We propose a transformative study to leverage these new techniques to evaluate the responses of V1 neurons to saccadic eye movements of all sizes under equivalent stimuli motions, with directly comparable viewing tasks in all conditions, in all layers of V1 simultaneously, and to develop a model that links the specific contributions of V1 circuits to perception. Our preliminary data suggests that V1 neurons can differentiate be- tween self-generated and external motion, driving our hypotheses: 1) V1 neurons distinguish between self- generated ocular motion vs. external retinal image motion, 2) an inhibitory feedback signal occurs during re- sponses to self-generated motion to drive the discrimination process, and 3) V1 responses to eye movements interact with responses driven by external motion in a nonlinear—though predictable—fashion, leading to both physiological and perceptual effects on the detection of retinal motion. By comparing neurophysiological re- sponses directly to perception in behaving NHPs, we will determine the contribution of V1 neurons to discerning external vs self-generated motion, as well as the provenance of any feedback (and/or perhaps feedforward) signals, using laminar analysis. These studies will establish the contributions of signals arriving to (or arising within) different V1 layers, so as to dissociate external vs self- motion. We will create quantitative models (based on our previously established models) using the new ground truth measurements from the proposed research, to determine the precise neural and perceptual consequences of each V1 circuit involved. The studies will elu- cidate loss of function in various oculomotor and neurological disorders and as such is directly relevant to the research priorities of the Strabismus, Amblyopia, and Visual Processing program at the National Eye Institute.

我们如何区分世界上的运动与由于眼球运动引起的类似视网膜图像位移？ 这个问题在眩晕和各种空间定向障碍等疾病中特别重要， 运动知觉的缺陷--包括自我运动的抑制--会导致毁灭性的后果， 序列。平衡和运动感知受损严重影响了人们的日常生活，阻碍了空间 判断和妨碍身体运动任务期间的表现，如步行或驾驶车辆。直到 我们知道大脑是如何区分自我运动和外部运动的，我们将无法开发治疗性的方法。 解决这些问题的进展。20世纪60 - 90年代的开创性研究--实际上是第一个出版的《清醒》 一项非人类灵长类动物（NHP）视觉研究--询问早期皮质神经元是否能辨别眼睛和外部 运动，大多数人得出结论，初级视觉皮层（V1）神经元对两种类型的运动反应相似。 议案这些研究使用了不同的任务，用于自我生成与外部运动条件，然而， 两种运动引起的神经反应并不直接可比。因此，没有研究 到目前为止，已经开发出一个模型，用于研究V1神经元如何对外部运动和自发运动做出反应。最近 来自MPI实验室和其他机构的工作已经开始使用新的方法来直接比较自我和真实运动 V1的回答。我们提出了一项变革性的研究，以利用这些新技术来评估反应 的V1神经元的扫视眼运动的所有大小下等效的刺激运动，与直接可比 查看所有条件下的任务，同时在V1的所有层中，并开发一个模型， V1回路对感知的贡献。我们的初步数据表明，V1神经元可以分化为- 之间的自我产生和外部运动，驱动我们的假设：1）V1神经元区分自我， 产生的眼运动与外部视网膜图像运动，2）在再成像期间发生抑制性反馈信号， 对自发运动的响应，以驱动辨别过程，以及3）V1对眼球运动的响应 以非线性但可预测的方式与外部运动驱动的反应相互作用，导致两者 对视网膜运动检测的生理和感知影响。通过比较神经生理学反应， 在表现NHPs时，V1神经元直接对感知产生作用，我们将确定V1神经元对辨别 外部与自生运动，以及任何反馈（和/或前馈）的来源 信号，使用层流分析。这些研究将确定信号到达（或产生）的贡献。 内）不同的V1层，以便分离外部与自我运动。我们将创建定量模型（基于 在我们先前建立的模型上）使用来自所提出的研究的新的地面实况测量， 以确定每个V1回路的精确神经和感知结果。这些研究将有助于- 在各种眼科和神经系统疾病中的cidate功能丧失， 国家眼科研究所斜视、弱视和视觉处理项目的优先研究项目。