LASER STIMULATION OF THE BRAIN

激光刺激大脑

• 批准号: 7597852
• 负责人: TATIANA B KRASIEVA
• 金额: $ 0.14万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA-IRVINE
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-04-01 至 2008-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7597852
• 关键词: Action Potentials; Affect; Area; Bite; Blindness; Brain; Cataract; Cells; Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects Database; Condition; Disease Pathway; Disruption; Electrodes; Esthesia; Eye; Funding; Glaucoma; Grant; Institution; Invasive; Lasers; Lead; Lesion; Mechanics; Mus; Nervous system structure; Neurons; Numbers; Operative Surgical Procedures; Optic Nerve; Optics; Pathologic; Patients; Peripheral; Photoreceptors; Prevalence; Procedures; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Retina; Risk; Running; Signal Transduction; Source; Structure; Trachoma; Trauma; United States; United States National Institutes of Health; Vision; Visual Cortex; blind; clinical application; relating to nervous system; response; transmission process; visual information

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Total blindness due to a lesion in the eye or optic nerve is a debilitating condition that affects a large number of people worldwide and for which there is of yet no cure.The prevalence of blindness in the United States is about 1.1 million, and world wide it affects about 45 million people. Electrical impulses (containing bits of visual information) in the retina are carried from photoreceptor cells via the optic nerve to the brain, where a picture is assembled. Severe disruption of any part of this pathway by disease or trauma leads to blindness. Whereas pathologic phenomenon in the visual cortex are responsible for blindness, these comprise a small percentage of the total cases. Most cases are subcortical and peripheral , including the eye, optic nerve, tracts and related structures. For example Cataract, trachoma and glaucoma are responsible for more than 70 % of the global blindness. The visual cortex is spared and functional in a majority of the blind. It can be postulated that if the visual cortex is reasonably functional it may be possible to stimulate the cortex directly to elicit the sensation of vision. This aim of this study is to evaluate the ability to elicit electrophysiological responses in visual cortex by direct cortical stimulation using a non invasive approach. Current approaches employ intrusive mechanical electrodes that would have limited potential for clinical application. Laser stimulation of neurons (cells absorbing laser stimulation resulting in minimal damage to the neuron) to create action potentials in the nervous system has fewer risks than other procedures since surgery is not performed on the patient. The objective of this study is to create neural responses from areas of the mouse visual cortex through the application of optical stimulation, which may, in the long run, lead to the transmission of neuro-electrical signals once again, and consequently bring vision to those who have seemingly lost the phenomenon of sight.

该子项目是利用该技术的众多研究子项目之一 资源由 NIH/NCRR 资助的中心拨款提供。子项目及 研究者 (PI) 可能已从 NIH 的另一个来源获得主要资金， 因此可以在其他 CRISP 条目中表示。列出的机构是 对于中心来说，它不一定是研究者的机构。 由于眼睛或视神经损伤而导致的完全失明是一种使人衰弱的疾病，影响着全世界许多人，而且目前尚无治愈方法。美国的失明率约为 110 万人，全世界约有 4500 万人。 视网膜中的电脉冲（包含视觉信息）从感光细胞通过视神经传送到大脑，在那里组装图像。 疾病或创伤严重破坏该通路的任何部分都会导致失明。虽然视觉皮层的病理现象是导致失明的原因，但此类现象仅占总病例的一小部分。大多数病例是皮质下和周围的，包括眼睛、视神经、视束和相关结构。例如，全球70%以上的失明是由白内障、沙眼和青光眼造成的。大多数盲人的视觉皮层都完好无损且功能正常。可以假设，如果视觉皮层功能合理，则有可能直接刺激皮层以引起视觉感觉。本研究的目的是评估使用非侵入性方法通过直接皮层刺激引起视觉皮层电生理反应的能力。目前的方法采用侵入式机械电极，其临床应用潜力有限。通过激光刺激神经元（细胞吸收激光刺激，从而对神经元造成最小的损伤）以在神经系统中产生动作电位，其风险比其他手术要小，因为不对患者进行手术。这项研究的目的是通过光刺激的应用，从小鼠视觉皮层区域产生神经反应，从长远来看，这可能会导致神经电信号再次传输，从而为那些看似失去视力现象的人带来视力。