Project 5: Green Remediation by Solar Energy Conversion Into Electrolysis

项目5：太阳能转化为电解的绿色修复

• 批准号: 7936555
• 负责人: Akram N Alshawabkeh
• 金额: $ 26.25万
• 依托单位: NORTHEASTERN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-04-12 至 2014-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7936555
• 关键词: Address; Adoption; Adverse effects; Affect; Aftercare; Anions; Anodes; Arsenates; Arsenic; Biological; Cathodes; Cations; Cells; Characteristics; Charge; Chemicals; Coupled; Couples; Development; Diethylhexyl Phthalate; Electric Conductivity; Electrocoagulation; Electrodes; Electrolyses; Electrolytes; Electron Transport; Engineering; Environment; Ethane; Evaluation; Event; Excision; Exposure to; Filtration; Fracture; Gases; Goals; Green S; Heavy Metals; Hydrogen; Hydroxide Ion; In Situ; Intervention; Ions; Iron; Kinetics; Laboratories; Laws; Lead; Link; Liquid substance; Measurement; Methods; Modeling; Monitor; Natural Resources; Oxidation-Reduction; Oxygen; Pathway interactions; Performance; Permeability; Phase; Phenols; Phosphorus; Physiologic pulse; Pollution; Premature Birth; Process; Protons; Radioisotopes; Reducing Agents; Relative (related person); Role; Sampling; Site; Soil; Solar Energy; Solubility; Solutions; Solvents; Source; Strategic Planning; Stream; Superfund; Surface; System; Technology; Testing; Theoretical model; Translational Research; Trichloroethylene; Water; Xenobiotics; Yang; alkalinity; aqueous; base; chemical reduction; chromium hexavalent ion; cost; cytotoxicity; data management; density; design; drinking water; field study; flexibility; improved; innovation; interest; landfill; nanosized; nitrogen compounds; organic contaminant; oxidation; particle; phthalates; physical property; prevent; process optimization; programs; remediation; research study; response; retinal rods; success; superfund site; tool; treatment effect; voltage; wasting; water flow

The US EPA supports the adoption of green remediation, which considers all environmental effects and incorporates strategies to maximize the net environmental benefit. Our long-term goal is to develop a green remediation based on conversion of solar energy into iron electrolysis in groundwater. Electrolysis of sacrificial iron anodes will cause chemical reduction of contaminants, including chlorinated solvents in groundwater. The kinetics of iron redox in a two-electrode electrolysis system and release of ferrous ions and hydrogen gas can be optimized by controlling the electric current density and polarity for effective transformation of contaminants. The process is suited for karstic groundwater aquifers because the dynamic flow conditions in channels and fractures require controlled rates of iron reactivity. The process will use solar energy and will not produce adverse effects on groundwater environment. The project will evaluate the effect of iron electrolysis on groundwater geochemistry, demonstrate the transformation of trichloroethylene (TCE) as a model nonpolar organic contaminant in groundwater by iron electrolysis under batch and flow conditions, evaluate the effects of polarity reversal and voltage/current intensity, develop a predictive tool "model" for transformation, evaluate the effects on the physical properties of the aquifer, assess the cytotoxicity of treated water, and evaluate any adverse effects on the fate of other contaminants (e.g., semipolar organics such as phthalates). The project will conduct experiments in cells using karst aquifer characteristics, including experimental setups that are constructed of limestone blocks. The plan includes 2D lab pilot-scale testing using the GeoBed (developed in Project 4) and a small-scale field test. The primary experimental variables that will be controlled are the water flow rate, electric current/voltage and electrolyte type. The primary dependent variables that will be monitored are pH, ORP, Dissolved Oxygen, alkalinity, cation and anion concentrations, contaminant concentration, ferrous and ferric ion concentrations, precipitates, electrical conductivity, and voltage/current. A model that couples Faraday's law for iron electrolysis and reactive flow will be developed and verified. The project will assess power requirement and engineer a strategy that utilizes solar panels for field implementation.

美国环保局支持采用绿色修复，其中考虑了所有环境影响和 纳入最大化净环境效益的策略。我们的长远目标是发展绿色 基于太阳能转化为地下水中的铁电解的修复。电解 牺牲铁阳极会导致污染物的化学还原，包括氯化溶剂 地下水。双电极电解系统中铁氧化还原动力学和亚铁离子的释放 和氢气可以通过控制电流密度和极性来优化，以实现有效的 污染物的转化。该过程适用于岩溶地下水含水层，因为动态 通道和裂缝中的流动条件需要控制铁的反应速率。该过程将使用太阳能 能源，不会对地下水环境产生不良影响。项目将评估效果 铁电解对地下水地球化学的影响，展示三氯乙烯（TCE）的转化 作为地下水中非极性有机污染物的模型，通过批量和流动下的铁电解 条件，评估极性反转和电压/电流强度的影响，开发预测工具 转化“模型”，评估对含水层物理性质的影响，评估 处理过的水的细胞毒性，并评估对其他污染物（例如半极性污染物）命运的任何不利影响 有机物，例如邻苯二甲酸盐）。该项目将利用岩溶含水层进行细胞实验 特征，包括由石灰石块建造的实验装置。该计划包括 2D 使用 GeoBed（在项目 4 中开发）进行实验室中试规模测试和小规模现场测试。初级 控制的实验变量是水流量、电流/电压和电解质 类型。将监测的主要因变量是 pH、ORP、溶解氧、碱度、 阳离子和阴离子浓度、污染物浓度、亚铁离子和三价铁离子浓度， 沉淀物、电导率和电压/电流。耦合法拉第铁定律的模型 将开发和验证电解和反应流。该项目将评估电力需求和 设计一项利用太阳能电池板进行现场实施的策略。