Missouri Study to Explore Early Development (SEED) Follow-Up

项目摘要 自闭症谱系障碍（ASD）是一种神经发育障碍，影响大约1.5%的 在美国的孩子们。患有ASD的人在社交沟通方面存在缺陷或受到限制 兴趣和重复行为;但严重程度和模式差异很大，并传达终身损害， 一些.目前尚不清楚ASD的表现如何从幼儿期到青春期或成年期发生变化。 ASD的原因也是未知的，尽管大量证据支持这两种基因的贡献 和环境因素。这些知识差距的存在是因为迄今为止美国的研究缺乏 样本大小、数据收集的深度或适当的生命过程时间来解决这些问题。研究 探索早期发展（种子）现在能够解决这些先前的限制。种子是个大案子 对2-5岁儿童及其家庭的对照研究，分三个阶段在8个州实施。 SEED收集了关于儿童ASD核心症状、认知状态和合并症存在的详细数据。 沿着与孕产妇健康和艾滋病毒/艾滋病有关的广泛风险因素， 围产期环境以及基因组学。SEED样本包括2044名ASD儿童，1950名儿童， 非ASD发育障碍（DD）和2285名人口控制儿童（POP），使其成为 美国最大的ASD病因学研究。最近的辅助研究-种子青少年试点和种子COVID 研究-不久将分别增加关于青少年健康和艾滋病后果的数据， 一些种子参与者这里提出的工作，种子后续研究（种子FU），将最大限度地提高 通过分析表征ASD表型和评估潜在的 遗传和可改变的风险因素之间的相互作用。SEED FU还将促进新的数据收集， 儿童中期、青春期和成年早期的ASD表型变化， 发展阶段，以及整个生命早期的相关健康，教育和服务需求。 这些数据将进一步使人们能够对早期生活因素与后期生活因素之间的关联进行前瞻性分析。 童年到成年早期的结果。研究与生命过程表型相关的风险因素 亚组也可能有助于阐明以前在ASD病例对照研究中被掩盖的病因。种子MO 结合SEED网络的协作基础设施和广泛的现有数据的团队 资源，将确保在密苏里州成功实施SEED FU研究，并有助于 网络上的成功。种子是强大的，使我们的理解重大贡献 复杂孤独症表型和确定与人群中ASD风险相关的因素。的 通过SEED FU获得的知识将大大提高我们预防不良发展结果的能力， 支持ASD患者及其家人，确保他们在成年早期获得最佳健康。

Project Summary Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that impacts approximately 1.5% of children in the United States. Individuals with ASD experience deficits in social communication or restricted interests and repetitive behavior; but the severity and patterns vary greatly and convey lifelong impairment for some. It is unclear how the presentation of ASD changes from early childhood into adolescence or adulthood. The causes of ASD are also unknown, though substantial evidence supports the contribution of both genes and environmental factors. These gaps in knowledge exist because US studies to date have lacked the sample size, depth of data collection, or appropriate life course timing to address these questions. The Study to Explore Early Development (SEED) is now able to address these prior limitations. SEED is a large case- control study of children ages 2-5 years and their families, implemented across eight states over three phases. SEED collected detailed data on children's core ASD symptoms, cognitive status, and presence of co- occurring conditions in early childhood, along with extensive risk factors related to maternal health and the perinatal environment as well as genomics. The SEED sample includes 2044 children with ASD, 1950 children with non-ASD developmental disabilities (DD), and 2285 population control children (POP), making this the largest etiologic study of ASD in the US. Recent ancillary studies - the SEED Teen Pilot and SEED COVID studies -- will soon add data on adolescent health and the consequences of the pandemic, respectively, for some SEED participants. The work proposed here, SEED Follow-up Studies (SEED FU), will maximize the impact of extant SEED data through analyses that characterize ASD phenotypes and assess the potential interplay between genetic and modifiable risk factors. SEED FU will also facilitate new data collection in middle childhood, adolescence and early adulthood to characterize changes in ASD phenotype across developmental stages, and the associated health, educational, and service needs across the early life course. These data will further enable prospective analyses of associations between early life factors and later childhood through early adulthood outcomes. Studying risk factors in relation to life course phenotypic subgroups may also help elucidate etiologies previously masked in ASD case-control studies. The MO SEED Team in combination with the SEED Network's collaborative infrastructure and extensive extant data resources, will ensure the successful implementation of the SEED FU Study in Missouri and contribute to success across the network. SEED is well-powered for making significant contributions to our understanding of the complex autism phenotype and identifying factors associated with ASD risk in the population. The knowledge gained by SEED FU will greatly advance our ability prevent adverse developmental outcomes and to support individuals with ASD and their families to ensure optimal wellbeing through early adulthood.