Rapid Robust Pediatric MRI

项目摘要 动机：这是我们成功项目的竞争性更新，快速健壮的儿科核磁共振，R01 EB009690。核磁共振成像为儿童提供了极好的软组织对比，没有电离辐射和癌症风险 电脑断层扫描。然而，由于检查时间长、空间分辨率低和运动伪影，MRI的使用一直受到限制。因此， 核磁共振通常需要长时间的麻醉，屏气和伴随风险；因此，儿童通常缺乏 Benefits的横截面成像或暴露在电离辐射下。 先前的项目通过创建专门的儿科成像系统解决了这些问题。高度标准杆- 专门设计和构造了适用于儿童身体成像的ALLEL、高信噪比3T接收线圈阵列。 利用高信噪比加速了并行成像、新模型和新模型相结合的扫描重建 校正算法、压缩传感(CS)和高维成像。由此产生的系统是 现已广泛应用于临床，fi可显著缩短麻醉深度和持续时间，并具有 显著提高了我们的MRI利用率。 GE Healthcare已经或正在将关键技术商业化，包括儿科接收 阵列、CS、4DflOW、全傅立叶单次激发T2加权扫描和线圈压缩。西门子已获得许可 我们的专利的five，将它们实施在正在进行的封装中，并将我们的线圈压缩和 我们的Espirity线圈灵敏度评估。飞利浦已经授权了我们的三项专利。这确保了广泛的影响。 方法：尽管fi进展明显，麻醉深度和持续时间减少，但患者的合作重新开始。 在所有儿科体部MRI检查中，消除麻醉是主要限制因素。很多孩子都会合作 持续了几分钟，但随后fi离开了扫描仪。其他人则心满意足，直到噪音达到- 打动他们。因此现在的主要重点是提高考试执行速度，全面淘汰 声学噪音和增强的稳健性，特别是对比剂注射。 该项目有三个相互关联的发展目标，并得到了临床研究的验证。AIM 1将实现快速2D成像- 静音T2和静音低失真扩散加权成像。第二个目标是开发自由呼吸的3D 对比度增强和扩散加权成像，静音和运动稳健。第三个目标将使非洲能够-- Tomated、智能扫描可加快检查执行速度，自适应协议可增强检查的稳健性。 然后将评估所有这些发展在临床上的影响，以评估由此导致的减少 麻醉。 SignifiCance：这项工作将导致快速、健壮、广泛适用的儿科磁共振成像协议 感觉，使核磁共振更安全、更便宜，更容易为儿童所用。核磁共振将变成一匹主力马 模式，减少CT辐射负担。这些技术将促进在社区环境中的广泛应用 并允许新的核磁共振应用于儿童和成人疾病。

Project Abstract Motivation: This is a competing renewal of our successful project, Rapid Robust Pediatric MRI, R01 EB009690. MRI offers superb soft tissue contrast for children, without the ionizing radiation and cancer risk of CT. However, MRI use has been limited due to long exams, low spatial resolution, and motion-artifacts. Thus, MRI often requires prolonged anesthesia with breath-holds and attendant risk; hence, children often lack the benefits of cross-sectional imaging altogether or are exposed to ionizing radiation. The previous project addressed these concerns by creating a dedicated pediatric imaging system. Highly par- allel, high-SNR 3T receive coil arrays were designed and constructed specifically for pediatric body imaging. The high SNR was used to accelerate scans reconstructed with a combination of parallel imaging, new mo- tion correction algorithms, compressed sensing (CS), and higher dimensional imaging. The resulting system is now being used extensively in clinical practice, significantly reducing anesthesia depth and duration, and has markedly increased our MRI utilization. Key technologies have been or are now being commercialized with GE Healthcare, including the pediatric receive array, CS, 4D flow, full-Fourier single-shot T2-weighted scanning, and coil compression. Siemens has licensed five of our patents, implemented them in work-in-progress packages, and productized our coil compression and our ESPIRiT coil sensitivity estimation. Philips has licensed three of our patents. This ensures broad impact. Approach: Despite significant progress and reduced anesthesia depth and duration, patient cooperation re- mains the main limitation to eliminate anesthesia in all pediatric body MRI exams. Many children will cooperate for several minutes, but then fidget and get out of the scanner. Others are content until acoustic noise agi- tates them. Therefore the major emphasis now is greater exam execution speed, comprehensive elimination of acoustic noise, and increased robustness, particularly to contrast agent injection. The project has three interrelated development aims, validated by clinical studies. Aim 1 will enable fast 2D imag- ing for quiet T2 and quiet low-distortion diffusion weighted imaging. A second aim is to develop free-breathing 3D contrast-enhanced and diffusion-weighted imaging that is silent and motion-robust. The third aim will enable au- tomated, smart scanning to speed the exam execution and adaptive protocols to increase the exam robustness. The impact of all of these developments in the clinic will then be assessed to assess the resulting reduction of anesthesia. Significance: This work will lead to fast, robust, broadly-applicable pediatric MRI protocols with less anes- thesia, making MRI safer, cheaper, and more available to children. MRI will be transformed into a workhorse modality, reducing CT radiation burden. The techniques will facilitate wide application in the community setting and permit new MRI applications, for both pediatric and adult diseases.