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Critical Period Plasticity and Binocular Matching in the Visual Cortex

视觉皮层的关键期可塑性和双眼匹配

基本信息

批准号：
10591534
负责人：
Jianhua Cang
金额：
$ 40.38万
依托单位：
UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2010-09-30 至 2025-02-28
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/10591534
关键词：
Adult Age Amblyopia Binocular Vision Biological Models Birth Brain Calcium Cells Chronic Clinical Cognitive Cortical Blindness Darkness Data Development Disease Disparity Dorsal Electrophysiology (science)Exposure to Eye Goals Grant Human Image Individual Interneurons Knowledge Label Lateral Geniculate Body Life Link Mental disorders Modeling Motor Mus Nervous System Nervous System Physiology Neurodevelopmental Disorder Neurons Neurophysiology - biologic function Ocular Dominance Outcome Parvalbumins Pathway interactions Physiological Play Process Property Recovery Reporting Research Research Personnel Role Sensory Series Shapes Silicon Site Somatostatin Strabismus Synapses Thalamic structure Time Transfection Transgenic Mice V1 neuron Viral Visual Visual Cortex Visual System Whole-Cell Recordings area striata autism spectrum disorder cell cortex critical developmental period critical period density developmental plasticity experience experimental study in vivo inhibitory neuron monocular monocular deprivation mouse model nervous system disorder neural circuit neurodevelopment novel orientation selectivity receptive field response social two-photon visual deprivation visual processing

项目摘要

Project Summary/Abstract Optimal functioning of the nervous system requires selective wiring of neural circuits, the precision of which is achieved through experience-dependent refinement after birth. A classic model system of experience- dependent neural development is ocular dominance plasticity in the visual system, where monocular visual deprivation in a critical period of early life alters cortical responses. The investigators have recently discovered that normal binocular vision in the critical period drives the matching of orientation preference between the two eyes in the visual cortex, thus revealing a physiological purpose for critical period plasticity in normal development. The proposed experiments aim to study cortical and thalamic mechanisms that underlie the binocular matching process. In aim one, two-photon calcium imaging will be performed chronically to reveal how individual cortical cells change their monocular orientation tunings to match between the two eyes. In addition, two-photon imaging and electrophysiological recording will be used to characterize the binocular response properties of subtypes of inhibitory neurons before, during, and after the critical period. In aim two, electrophysiological recordings will be conducted to determine whether there are more binocular neurons in the dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (dLGN) of young mice than in adults, and whether these binocular dLGN neurons show significant matching in their orientation preference before V1. Additional experiments will be performed to determine whether the early matching in the dLGN is experience-dependent by recording from mice reared in complete darkness from birth. Finally, by combining cortical silencing and in vivo whole cell recording, the investigators will examine whether the binocular responses of dLGN input determine the binocular tuning of individual V1 neurons. Together, these experiments will reveal a novel link between the developmental plasticity at two successive stages of visual processing, and determine the role of visual thalamus in guiding binocular development in V1. Because ocular dominance plasticity and its critical period is a model for amblyopia and strabismus, a full understanding of cortical and subcortical changes that normally take place during development will have profound implications for the understanding and treatment of these diseases.

项目概要/摘要神经系统的最佳功能需要神经回路的选择性连接、神经回路的精确性这是通过出生后依赖经验的完善来实现的。经典的经验模型系统—— 依赖性神经发育是视觉系统中的眼优势可塑性，其中单眼视觉生命早期关键时期的剥夺会改变皮质反应。调查人员最近发现关键期正常双眼视觉驱动两者定向偏好的匹配眼睛位于视觉皮层，从而揭示了正常人关键期可塑性的生理目的发展。拟议的实验旨在研究皮层和丘脑机制双目匹配过程。在目标一中，将长期进行双光子钙成像，以揭示如何各个皮层细胞会改变其单眼方向调整以匹配两只眼睛。此外，双光子成像和电生理记录将用于表征双眼反应关键期之前、期间和之后抑制性神经元亚型的特性。在目标二中，将进行电生理记录以确定是否有更多的双眼神经元年轻小鼠的背外侧膝状核（dLGN）比成年小鼠的多，以及这些双目 dLGN 是否神经元在 V1 之前表现出方向偏好的显着匹配。额外的实验将是通过记录来确定 dLGN 中的早期匹配是否依赖于经验老鼠从出生起就在完全黑暗的环境中长大。最后，通过结合皮质沉默和体内全细胞记录后，研究人员将检查 dLGN 输入的双眼反应是否决定双眼调整单个 V1 神经元。总之，这些实验将揭示发育与发育之间的新联系。视觉处理的两个连续阶段的可塑性，并确定视觉丘脑在引导中的作用 V1 中的双眼发育。因为眼优势可塑性及其关键期是弱视的模型和斜视，充分了解通常发生在发展将对这些疾病的理解和治疗产生深远的影响。