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BRAIN MICROSTRUCTURE & BEHAVIOR IN NEWLY-DIAGNOSED TODDLERS/PRESCHOOLERS WITH ASD

大脑微观结构

基本信息

批准号：
9055760
负责人：
THOMAS EDWARD CONTURO
金额：
$ 18.69万
依托单位：
WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2015-04-17 至 2020-02-29
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/9055760
关键词：
20 year old 5 year old Adolescent Adult Affect Area Autistic Disorder Axon Behavior Behavior Therapy Behavioral Biological Biological Markers Brain Brain Diseases Caliber Cerebral Dominance Characteristics Child Childhood Communication Concept Formation Corpus Callosum Data Databases Development Diagnosis Diffusion Diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging Early Diagnosis Early Intervention Early treatment Emotions Environmental Risk Factor Exposure to Face Face Processing Fiber Financial compensation Future Genetic Genetic Risk Goals Hand Handedness Health Impairment Knowledge Language Language Development Left Longitudinal Studies Magnetic Resonance Imaging Measurement Measures Motor Movement Neurobiology Neuropsychological Tests Newly Diagnosed Outcome Pathway interactions Performance Phenotype Population Process Public Health Risk Assessment Sampling School-Age Population Schools Social Interaction Societies Source Speech Structure Symptoms Testing Time Toddler Training Visual Fields autism spectrum disorder base behavior measurement behavioral study brain pathway design early childhood face perception improved infancy insight interest language processing peer preference screening social social communication tool water diffusion white matter young adult

项目摘要

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Autism spectrum disorder is a major worldwide public health problem affecting 1 in 88 children and adults in the U.S. Autism is a lifelong debilitating developmental brain disorder characterized by impairments in social interaction and communication. We previously studied adults with autism using MRI diffusion tensor tracking (DTT), and found unique changes in white matter pathways used for recognizing faces and face emotions (critical aspects of social interaction and non-verbal communication). There was a relationship between these brain changes and early-childhood behaviors, suggesting that these brain changes may occur early in childhood, and may represent a lack of hemispheric specialization of face-processing pathways. In the same adults, we also found brain changes in the corpus callosum, a brain structure that allows information to flow between the brain's right and left hemisphere. Some characteristics of face processing and language function may be caused by such changes in the corpus callosum. However, to better understand the neurobiology of autism, it is necessary to test for these brain changes in very young children diagnosed with autism, because the changes in the adult brain could be due to many other factors that accumulate over decades. To determine whether such changes are a fundamental, primary abnormalities in autism that occur early in development, and that are present at the time of diagnosis, we will use DTT to: 1) test for water diffusion changes in the same face processing pathways in toddlers and preschoolers recently diagnosed with autism, 2) test for changes in language pathways, and 3) test for changes in the corpus callosum. The results will be compared to measures of face perception and language processing to determine the functional significance of the brain changes. We plan to study 20 toddlers/preschoolers with autism (2-5 years of age) and 20 individually-matched comparison children, where both groups have been clearly diagnosed and tested as either having autism or having normal development. The results will determine if the brain changes seen in adults with autism are more severe, similar, or less severe in early childhood soon after diagnosis. Our long- term goals are to: 1) provide a better understanding of the underlying biological mechanisms and causes of autism; 2) improve the early diagnosis, screening, risk assessment, and design/planning of early treatments and interventions; and 3) provide safe, non-invasive measures (biomarkers) that can be used to aid diagnosis and guide the search for genetic/immunological/environmental factors in autism.

描述（由申请人提供）：自闭症谱系障碍是一个主要的全球性公共卫生问题，影响美国88名儿童和成人中的1名。自闭症是一种终身衰弱性发育性大脑障碍，其特征是社交和沟通障碍。我们之前使用MRI弥散张量跟踪（DTT）研究了自闭症成人，发现了用于识别面部和面部情绪（社交互动和非语言交流的关键方面）的白色物质通路的独特变化。这些大脑变化与儿童早期行为之间存在联系，表明这些大脑变化可能发生在儿童早期，可能代表大脑半球缺乏面部处理途径的专门化。在同样的成年人中，我们还发现了胼胝体的大脑变化，胼胝体是一种允许信息在大脑左右半球之间流动的大脑结构。胼胝体的这种变化可能导致面孔加工和语言功能的某些特征。然而，为了更好地了解自闭症的神经生物学，有必要在被诊断患有自闭症的非常年幼的儿童中测试这些大脑变化，因为成人大脑的变化可能是由于数十年来积累的许多其他因素造成的。为了确定这些变化是否是自闭症发展早期发生的基本的原发性异常，并且在诊断时存在，我们将使用DTT来：1）测试最近诊断患有自闭症的幼儿和学龄前儿童相同面部处理途径中的水扩散变化，2）测试语言途径的变化，以及3）测试胼胝体的变化。研究结果将与面部感知和语言处理的测量结果进行比较，以确定大脑变化的功能意义。我们计划研究20名患有自闭症的幼儿/学龄前儿童（2-5岁）和20名单独匹配的对照儿童，其中两组都已明确诊断和测试为患有自闭症或发育正常。研究结果将确定自闭症成年人的大脑变化在诊断后不久的幼儿期是否更严重，相似或不太严重。我们的长期目标是：1）更好地了解自闭症的潜在生物学机制和原因; 2）改善早期诊断，筛查，风险评估以及早期治疗和干预的设计/规划; 3）提供安全，非侵入性的措施（生物标志物），可用于辅助诊断和指导自闭症遗传/免疫/环境因素的搜索。