Surveillance and analysis of avian influenza viruses in wild birds in Australia

澳大利亚野生鸟类禽流感病毒监测分析

• 批准号: nhmrc : 401314
• 负责人: A/Pr Aeron Hurt
• 金额: $ 16.69万
• 依托单位: The University of Newcastle
• 依托单位国家: 澳大利亚
• 项目类别: NHMRC Strategic Awards
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 澳大利亚
• 起止时间: 2006-01-01 至 2008-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://researchdata.edu.au/surveillance-analysis-avian-birds-australia/81488
• 关键词: Surveillance; analysis; avian; influenza; viruses

Birds are commonly infected with bird flu viruses but most of these viruses do not cause disease. However, certain types of bird flu viruses, such as the H5N1 strain, can cause severe illness and death in 100% of infected birds. There is currently an epidemic of H5N1 bird flu occurring in Asia. Occasionally humans become infected by bird to human transmission and since 2003, 130+ people have been infected with H5N1 resulting in 60+ deaths. There are 3 ways in which dangerous strains of the virus may be brought to Australia by; infected people, domestic birds and migratory wading birds. In order to monitor the import of these viruses by migratory birds we will catch and take samples from large numbers of these birds in important areas where they congregate close to humans and poultry farms. We will identify what types of bird flu viruses these birds are carrying and if the viruses are capable of causing disease in birds and humans. We will also see if they can be treated by the influenza drugs that we currently have and we will study these viruses to find new drug targets. These viruses are commonest in ducks. Migratory wading birds and local ducks live in the same habitats so there is the chance that the wading birds and ducks could pass the viruses to each other. There is an additional concern that non-disease causing viruses could mutate in ducks and become pathogenic and pass from bird to bird or even human to human transmission which could cause a major human epidemic of bird flu in Australia. So we will also take samples from local ducks that occur in the same areas as the wading birds and test them for viruses as well. Our results will show what kinds of viruses are being carried by wading birds and ducks and if these viruses are a danger to people and poultry. We can then manage important areas so that humans and poultry do not come into contact with these viruses.

禽类通常感染禽流感病毒，但这些病毒大多不会致病。然而，某些类型的禽流感病毒，如H5N1毒株，可以导致100%受感染的禽类严重疾病和死亡。目前亚洲出现<English>H</English>五<English>N</English>一禽流感。人类偶尔会被禽类传播感染，自2003年以来，已有130多人感染H5N1，导致60多人死亡。有3种途径可以将危险的病毒株带到澳大利亚：感染者、家禽和候鸟。为了监测候鸟输入这些病毒的情况，我们将在这些候鸟聚集在人类和家禽养殖场附近的重要地区捕获大量候鸟并采集它们的样本。我们将确定这些禽类携带的禽流感病毒类型，以及这些病毒是否能够引起禽类和人类的疾病。我们还将看看是否可以用我们目前拥有的流感药物来治疗它们，我们将研究这些病毒以寻找新的药物靶点。这些病毒在鸭子中最常见。迁徙的涉禽和当地的鸭子生活在相同的栖息地，因此涉禽和鸭子有可能相互传播病毒。另一个令人担忧的问题是，非致病病毒可能会在鸭子身上发生变异，成为致病病毒，并在禽类之间传播，甚至是人与人之间的传播，这可能会在澳大利亚引发一场大规模的人类禽流感疫情。因此，我们还将从与涉禽相同地区出现的当地鸭子身上提取样本，并对它们进行病毒检测。我们的结果将显示涉水鸟类和鸭子携带了哪些病毒，以及这些病毒是否对人和家禽构成威胁。然后我们可以管理重要的区域，使人类和家禽不会接触到这些病毒。