Biotic ligand model development for Zn and Pb in estuarine and marine waters: interactive influences of salinity and dissolved organic carbon

河口和海水中锌和铅的生物配体模型开发：盐度和溶解有机碳的相互作用影响

• 批准号: 385733-2009
• 负责人: Wood, Christopher
• 金额: $ 1.34万
• 依托单位: McMaster University
• 依托单位国家: 加拿大
• 项目类别: Collaborative Research and Development Grants
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 加拿大
• 起止时间: 2010-01-01 至 2011-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://www.nserc-crsng.gc.ca/ase-oro/Details-Detailles_eng.asp?id=463549
• 关键词: Biotic; ligand; model; development; Zn

Metal mining and smelting plays a key role in the Canadian economy (3.2% of the national GDP, 368,000 jobs). Canada is a major producer of both lead and zinc, the majority of which is sold for export. Both metals may be hazardous to the aquatic environment, and regulatory pressures, particularly in Europe and the U.S.A., are threatening these markets. The current regulatory guidelines often rely on the Precautionary Principle (PP) rather than sound science, and favour a blanket approach; there is a critical need for science-based regulatory tools that can be applied on a site-specific basis so as to avoid arbitrary application of the PP. Regulatory focus at present is on the marine and estuarine environment. Our team consists of an aquatic toxicologist, an environmental chemist, and a foreign collaborator (Brazil) with specific expertise in the collection of marine DOC (dissolved organic carbon). As we helped to develop the Biotic Ligand Model (BLM), which has proven to be very effective in countering application of the PP in freshwater environments, our team has been recruited by two industry-supported metal research organizations (International Lead Zinc Research Organization, ILZRO, & International Zinc Association, IZA) to generate data for development of marine/estuarine BLMs for Pb & Zn,. The research will focus on the organisms which are most sensitive to metals, the early life stages of mussels, sea urchins, and oysters (48-72h development tests), and will examine the interactive influences of two major water quality variables, salinity and DOC. A critical tissue residue approach will be evaluated. Two M.Sc. research projects will focus on (i) the physiological mechanisms behind Pb and Zn toxicity to mussel embryos and (ii) chemical characterization of marine DOCs and their interactions with metals, and visiting Brazilian graduate students will contribute to a field validation exercise. The ultimate products will be new science-based models that can be used as risk assessment and regulatory tools by by government and industry on a worldwide basis.

金属采矿和冶炼在加拿大经济中发挥着关键作用（占全国GDP的3.2%，368，000个工作岗位）。加拿大是铅和锌的主要生产国，其中大部分用于出口。 这两种金属可能对水生环境有害，特别是在欧洲和美国，威胁着这些市场。目前的监管准则往往依赖于审慎原则，而不是可靠的科学，并倾向于采取一揽子办法;迫切需要以科学为基础的监管工具，可以在特定地点应用，以避免任意应用审慎原则。 目前的监管重点是海洋和河口环境。我们的团队由一名水生毒理学家，一名环境化学家和一名在海洋DOC（溶解有机碳）收集方面具有特定专业知识的外国合作者（巴西）组成。 由于我们帮助开发了生物配体模型（BLM），该模型已被证明在对抗PP在淡水环境中的应用方面非常有效，我们的团队已被两个行业支持的金属研究组织（国际铅锌研究组织，ILZRO和国际锌协会，IZA）招募，以生成用于开发海洋/河口BLM的数据。该研究将集中在对金属最敏感的生物，贻贝，海胆和牡蛎的早期生命阶段（48- 72小时发育测试），并将研究两个主要水质变量，盐度和DOC的相互影响。 将评价关键组织残留方法。两个硕士研究项目将侧重于（一）铅和锌毒性贻贝胚胎背后的生理机制和（二）海洋DOC的化学表征及其与金属的相互作用，访问巴西的研究生将有助于实地验证演习。最终的产品将是新的科学模型，可在世界范围内被政府和工业界用作风险评估和监管工具。