Protection, Control and Optimal Operation of Microgrids with Renewable Generation

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A microgrid is formed by coordinating the operation of distributed generators (DGs), energy storage devices, and controllable loads in a section of distribution grid so that it can operate in parallel with the grid or as an autonomous power island. Microgrids provide an attractive structure to integrate small-scale generation based on renewable energy resources and energy efficient technologies such as combined heat and power (CHP) generation, and demand responsive loads. However, there are several technical challenges encountered in implementation of microgrids, especially when the generation is from the intermittent sources such as wind and solar photovoltaic (PV). These challenges include coordination of the fault protection in microgrids during both parallel and islanded modes of operation; detection of faults when the generators have limited fault current contributions; optimal use of energy storage and generation resources in islanded microgrids; and control of generation and energy storage to ensure voltage and frequency stability during disturbances.