Développement d'approches pour la concentration et la détection des virus entériques dans les aliments

诺如病毒（NoV）是世界上病毒性胃肠炎的最常见原因，甲型肝炎病毒（HAV）继续造成国际卫生威胁。这些病毒可以污染各种各样的食物，如双壳软体动物、水果和蔬菜。与通常高度污染的临床标本不同，食物中的病毒含量通常很低，但足以引起感染。因此，有必要提供从食品中分离和浓缩病毒的步骤，以便能够检测它们。已经报道了几种方法，但它们的比较是有限的，因为它们是在不同的食物上用不同的方案、提取和扩增平台进行测试的。最终目标是将病毒从基质中分离出来，以小体积浓缩，并消除可能影响最终测试的抑制因素。尽管在ISO 15216程序中做出了巨大的努力，但开发出检测食品中病毒污染的强大而快速的方法仍然是一个挑战。总体目标是开发新的方法来集中和检测病毒，以便更好地控制食品中的病毒。将开发各种分离和浓缩方法，即使用以下方法：1)适体；2)配体;3)抗体和4)浓缩移液管，以便浓缩清洗或研磨食物后回收的病毒。将追求以下具体目标：1)开发分离和浓缩食源性病毒的方法；2)评估已开发的浓缩方法与RNA提取和人类NoV和HAV检测试剂盒的兼容性；3)验证不同食品样品的浓缩/检测系统。开发的方法及其转让随后可用于私营、工业和政府实验室，从而实施监测规划并更好地控制食源性病毒感染。

Noroviruses (NoV) re the most common cause of viral gastroenteritis in the world and the hepatitis A virus (HAV) continues to cause an international health threat. These viruses can contaminate a wide variety of foods such as bivalve mollusks, fruits and vegetables. Unlike clinical specimens often highly contaminated, the amount of virus in food is often low but sufficient to cause infection. Therefore, it is imperative to provide a step of isolation and concentration of viruses from the foods in order to be able to detect them. Several approaches have been reported, but their comparison is limited since they are tested on different foods with different protocols and extraction and amplification platforms. The ultimate goal is to separate viruses from the matrix, concentrate in a small volume and eliminate the inhibitory factors that may affect the final test. Despite major efforts such as those presented in the ISO 15216 procedures, the development of robust and rapid methods for detecting viral contamination in food remains a challenge. The overall objective is to develop new approaches for the concentration and detection of viruses for a better control in foods. Various approaches of isolation and concentration will be developed, namely approaches using: 1) aptamers; 2) ligands; 3) antibodies and 4) concentration pipette, in order to concentrate the viruses recovered after washing or grinding of foods. The following specific objectives will be pursued: 1) Develop approaches for the isolation and concentration of foodborne viruses; 2) Evaluate the compatibility of developed concentration approaches with RNA extraction and detection kits for the human NoV and HAV and 3) Validate the concentration/detection system with different food samples. The approach developed and its transfer can then be used in private, industrial and government laboratories allowing the implementation of surveillance programs and better control of foodborne viral infections.