Phylogenetic analysis of Crocus (Iridaceae) and inference of the phylogeography of Crocus biflorus in Anatolia

藏红花属（鸢尾科）约有90种，以巴尔干半岛和土耳其的种类最多。许多藏红花被用作观赏植物，而C. sativus是藏红花的来源。藏红花分为两个亚属，藏红花属和藏红花属，后者有两个科和15个系。藏红花中最大的类群是Biflori类群，约有13种，其中c. biflorus又可细分为约15个亚种。这些亚种主要出现在安纳托利亚的山区，通常局限于小山脉甚至单个山峰。生长在低海拔的森林有效地隔离了天空岛屿上的种群。在这个项目中，我们想用细胞核和叶绿体DNA序列的嵌套方法分析整个属内的系统发育关系。本文将运用系统发育学和系统地理学的方法，对生物群落中尚不明确的物种划分进行分析，从而得出更新世气候变化时期的物种历史和物种形成过程的结论。一般来说，番红花可以作为安纳托利亚高山植被的代表。

The genus Crocus L. (Iridaceae) consists of about 90 species, occurring with the highest species numbers in the Balkans and Turkey. Many Crocus species are used as ornamental plants, and C. sativus is the source of saffron. Crocus is divided in two subgenera, Crociris and Crocus, the latter with two sections and 15 series. The largest series within Crocus are the Biflori taxa with about 13 species, of which C. biflorus is further subdivided into c. 15 subspecies. These subspecies occur mainly in the mountains of Anatolia and are often restricted to small mountain ranges or even single summits. Forests growing at lower elevations effectively isolate the populations on sky islands. With this project we want to analyze phylogenetic relationships within the entire genus with a nested approach using nuclear and chloroplast DNA sequences. Particularly the unclear species delimitations in the C. biflorus species complex will be analyzed with phylogenetic and phylogeographic methods, which allow drawing conclusions on species history during Pleistocene climate changes and processes occurring during speciation. Generally, Crocus species can function as representatives for the high mountain vegetation of Anatolia.