Ground Failure and Building Performance in Adapazari, Turkey

CMS0085130标题：“土耳其Adapazari的地面故障和建筑性能”PI：J.BrayInstitution：加州大学伯克利分校摘要：Adapazari的“现场实验室”，数百座建筑物的沉降、倾斜和坍塌部分是由于液化和地面软化，为记录地面故障对建筑物性能的影响提供了一个绝佳的机会。此外，有一些关于破坏性地面反应的观察结果以前没有记录在案。建筑物与软化地基之间的地震相互作用是一个特别重要的特征，因为地面破坏似乎在建筑物附近和建筑物下方比远离建筑物更普遍和严重。目前的指导方针，如加州危险地图计划，在液化对建筑物性能的影响和必要的缓解措施方面定义不够明确。需要更多的建筑性能文件和地下表征，以从这个特殊的现场实验室中学习关于地基软化和破坏对结构的影响以及土-结构相互作用和响应对地面性能的影响的经验教训。拟议研究的主要目标是开发有文件记录的建筑性能历史记录，以便专业人员可以利用这些案例历史来促进我们对这些现象的理解，并增强我们对这些现象的数值模拟能力。一个平行的目标是提供Adapazari和邻近社区的地面性能数据的全面记录，以便能够吸取更多经验教训。这项研究项目汇集了几位领导和参与科凯利地震勘察工作的教授和学生的才华。通过土耳其主要教授分享他们的专业知识、数据和设备，它得到了有效的协调。现有的航空照片为协调这项研究和推广研究结果提供了机会。该小组可以获得土耳其政府收集的详细损失统计数据。关键案例的建筑系统将得到更好的记录，因为地面故障似乎部分是由于上面结构的动态响应造成的。例如，地面塌陷在未开发地区并不普遍，较高的建筑比较矮的建筑沉降得更多。此外，地面崩塌严重的地区还存在严重的结构性破坏。由于Adapazari地区地下条件的巨大差异，高效的锥体渗透测试将是无价的。但将这类测试与标准渗透测试联系起来是很重要的，因为在许多因震动而软化的沉积物中，存在显著的非塑料微粒，有时甚至是塑料微粒，因此提取土壤样本是很重要的。

CMS0085130Title: "Ground Failure and Building Performance in Adapazari, Turkey"PI: J. BrayInstitution: University of California at BerkeleyAbstract:The "field laboratory" of Adapazari, where hundreds of buildings settled, tilted and collapsed due in part to liquefaction and ground softening, provides an exceptional opportunity to document the effects of ground failure on building performance. Moreover, there are a number of observations of damaging ground response that have not been documented previously. The seismic interaction between buildings and softened foundation soils is an especially important feature, as ground failure appeared to be more prevalent and severe adjacent to and under buildings than away from structures. Current guidelines, such as the California Hazard Mapping Program, are poorly defined regarding the effects of liquefaction on building performance and necessary mitigation measures. Considerably more building performance documentation and subsurface characterization are required to learn the lessons from this exceptional field laboratory on the effects of ground softening and failure on structures and the effects of soil-structural interaction and response on ground performance.The primary goal of the proposed study is to develop well-documented case histories of building performance at sites undergoing moderate to severe ground failure, so that the profession can use these case histories to advance our understanding of these phenomena and enhance our ability to numerically simulate them. A parallel goal is to provide a comprehensive record of ground performance data in Adapazari and adjacent communities so that additional lessons can be learned. This research project combines the talents of several professors and students who led and participated in reconnaissance efforts of the Kocaeli earthquake. It has been effectively coordinated through key Turkish professors who are sharing their expertise, data, and equipment. Existing aerial photographs offer the opportunity to coordinate the study and generalize findings. The team has access to detailed damage statistics collected by the Turkish government. Building systems for key case histories will be better documented, because ground failure appeared to be caused in part due to the dynamic response of the overlying structures. For example, ground failure was not pervasive in undeveloped areas, and taller buildings settled more than shorter buildings. Additionally, areas with significant ground failure contained significant structural damage. Due to the significant variations in subsurface conditions across Adapazari, efficient Cone Penetration Testing will be invaluable. But it is important to tie this type of testing with Standard Penetration Testing, where soil samples are retrieved, due to the presence of significant nonplastic, and sometimes plastic, fines in many of the deposits that softened as a result of shaking.