NSF/FDA Scholar-in-Residence at FDA

[0717830]米勒提出的研究旨在增强超声设备诊断骨骼和心脏疾病的知识库。前提是，扩大知识库将允许的基本机制的理解，通过这种超声仪器询问组织。该提案的一个更广泛的目标是支持FDA的使命，促进将新的、安全的、有效的医疗器械引入临床实践。拟议的工作旨在通过使圣路易斯华盛顿大学的物理学教授和研究生能够在FDA的内部研究环境中参与研究合作，从而实现研究和教育的整合。超声是此次合作的特定研究领域，旨在促进新知识的产生，支持设备的开发，以改善骨质量评估，并作为超声心动图的辅助手段，在心肌组织表征方面取得进展。涉及骨病的研究项目将包括：(1)快波和慢波压缩超声模式的潜在干扰对诊断测量设备的影响；(2)对相位敏感超声接收换能器孔径的相位像差和相位抵消的诊断测量的影响。这些研究结果对骨诊断测量的潜在影响将在一定程度上借助微计算机断层扫描（microCT）和骨样本的机械测试来评估。与心脏相关的项目将专注于识别和改进方法，以结合心肌反向散射的多种特征。目前，大多数实验室只报告了后向散射的周期变化幅度。期望改善诊断基础的其他特征包括相对于心脏收缩期的周期变化的时间延迟、周期变化波形的占空比以及周期变化期间后向散射的时间变化率。

0717830MillerThe proposed research is designed to enhance the knowledge base underpinning ultrasonic devices for the diagnosis of bone and heart disease. The premise is that expanding the knowledge base will permit the understanding of basic mechanisms by which such ultrasonic instruments interrogate the tissue. A broader goal of this proposal is the support of the FDA in its mission to facilitate the introduction of new, safe, and effective medical devices into clinical practice. The proposed work is structured to permit the integration of research and education by enabling a professor of physics and graduate students from Washington University in St. Louis to participate in research collaborations within the intramural research environment at the FDA. Ultrasound is the specific area of research targeted for this collaboration, which is designed to contribute to the generation of new knowledge underpinning the development of devices for improved assessment of bone quality and advances in myocardial tissue characterization as an adjunct to echocardiography. Research projects dealing with bone disease will include (1) the effects on diagnostic measuring devices of the potential interference of fast wave and slow wave compressional ultrasonic modes and (2) the impact on diagnostic measurements of phase aberration and phase cancellation at phase sensitive ultrasonic receiving transducer apertures. The potential impact of the results of these studies on diagnostic measurements of bone will be evaluated in part with the aid of microcomputed tomography (microCT) and mechanical testing of bone samples. Projects related to heart will focus on identifying and refining methods to combine multiple features derived from myocardial backscatter. At the present time, most laboratories report only the magnitude of the cyclic variation of backscatter. Additional features that are expected to improve the basis for diagnosis include the time delay of the cyclic variation relative to cardiac systole, the duty cycle of the cyclic variation waveform, and the time rate of change of backscatter during the cyclic variation.