CAREER: Pathogen Control for a Sustainable Reuse of Wastewater: Role of Surface Interactions on Natural Removal of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts

0954501 . nguyen部分处理废水是一种宝贵的资源，可以再利用或回收，以增加淡水供应。PTW可用于补给地下水，供随后提取为饮用水，或防止海水入侵。PTW也可以代替淡水灌溉作物。虽然废水的回收和再利用在可持续水资源管理中发挥着重要作用，但必须避免含有病原体的废水污染地下水或作物的风险。PIs的职业目标是：(1)阐明影响水回用应用中病原体移动性和失活的基本机制；(2)帮助开发新的管理协议和技术，以促进废水回用和回收的广泛适应；(3)通过传统（例如同行评审出版物）和创新教育（例如CleanWater wiki）方法传播这些信息。本研究的具体目标是：(1)确定控制部分处理废水回灌地下水过程中病原体过滤的环境条件，以及控制废水稳定池自然处理过程中病原体灭活的环境条件；(2)通过整合环境问题的研究和教育，增加理工科少数民族和女性学生的数量；(3)为学生提供国际研究和教育经验。该计划将研究可存活的小隐孢子虫卵囊，这是一种重要的水传播病原体，可导致人和动物严重腹泻。指导本研究的假设是：(1)废水有机物（WOM）包括天然有机物、细菌胞外聚合物质和藻类渗出物影响卵囊与地下物质或废水颗粒的相互作用；(2)与WOM的相互作用控制了地下环境中卵囊的迁移；(3)病原菌在阳光下的光氧化作用依赖于卵囊与子宫内膜的相互作用。需要完成的任务有：(1)选择模型测试系统；(2)表征卵囊和模型表面；(3)量化卵囊在选定表面的沉积动力学；(4)在孔隙尺度和达西尺度上量化卵囊的运输、滞留和释放；(5)确定促进卵囊-颗粒结合和沉淀去除卵囊的溶液条件；(6)研究日光下形成的活性氧对卵囊失活的影响。这项研究将是第一个系统地研究病原体与废水有机物之间的表面相互作用如何影响病原体的迁移和失活。在与地下水补给和稳定池处理废水有关的条件下进行的控制良好的实验室研究的结果将为未来的实地工作奠定重要的基础。本项目的研究结果和实验技术将适用于其他有关致病菌、病毒和原生动物的环境迁移和失活的研究。实验室的研究结果将直接有利于在危地马拉使用低成本和低维护的水处理方法去除病原体的PIs无国界工程师项目。自然去除和灭活病原体用于废水回用，可能为控制病原体、补充往往稀缺的资源（即饮用水）和保护人类健康提供节能方法。本研究的成功完成将为再生水中水传播病原体的综合风险评估奠定重要基础。该项目正在进行的教育活动包括将研究成果纳入课堂教学，并为“高等教育儿童项目”组织关于水质问题的讲习班。PIs的清洁水维基网站和为伊利诺伊大学电视台开发的以研讨会为基础的电视节目将使PIs的教育活动接触到更广泛的受众。她的教育专家合作者已经并将评估警务处的教育活动，以改进其工作。

0954501NguyenPartially-treated wastewater (PTW) is a valuable resource that can be reused or reclaimed to enhance the supply of freshwater. PTW can be used to recharge groundwater for subsequent withdrawal as drinking water, or to prevent seawater intrusion. PTW can also be substituted for freshwater to irrigate crops. Although wastewater reclamation and reuse play an important role in sustainable water-resource management, risks of contaminating groundwater or crops from pathogen-laden wastewater must be avoided. The PIs career goals are: (1) to elucidate the fundamental mechanisms that affect pathogen mobility and inactivation in water reuse applications, (2) to help develop new management protocols and technologies to promote widespread adaptation of wastewater reuse and reclamation, and (3) to disseminate this information through both traditional (e.g., peer-reviewed publications) and innovative educational (e.g., CleanWater wiki) approaches. The specific objectives of the proposed work are: (1) to identify the environmental conditions that control filtration of pathogens during groundwater recharge with partially-treated wastewater, and pathogen inactivation during natural treatment of wastewater in waste stabilization ponds; (2) to increase the number of minority and female students in science and engineering by integrating research and education on environmental issues; and (3) to provide students with international experience in research and education. The PI will study viable Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts, an important waterborne pathogen that causes severe diarrhea in people and animals. The hypotheses guiding the proposed research are: (1) Wastewater organic matter (WOM)including natural organic matter, bacterial extracellular polymeric substances, and algal exudates influences the interactions between oocysts and subsurface materials or wastewater particles; (2) Interactions with WOM control oocyst transport in the subsurface environment; and (3) Photo-oxidation of pathogens under sunlight depends on the interactions between oocysts and WOM. The tasks to be completed are: (1) select model testing systems; (2) characterize oocysts and model surfaces; (3) quantify deposition kinetics of oocysts with the selected surfaces; (4) quantify transport, retention, and release of oocysts at pore scale and Darcy-scale; (5) determine the solution conditions that promote oocyst-particle association and removal of oocysts by sedimentation; and (6) study the role of WOM-oocysts and particle-oocyst association on inactivation of oocysts by reactive oxygen species formed under sunlight. This research will be the first systematic study to focus on how pathogen mobility and inactivation are influenced by surface interaction between pathogens and wastewater organic matters. The results from well-controlled laboratory studies conducted under conditions relevant to groundwater recharge and wastewater treatment by stabilization ponds will lay an essential groundwork for future fieldwork efforts. The results and the experimental techniques developed in this project will be applicable to other studies on environmental transport and inactivation of pathogenic bacteria, viruses, and protozoan. The laboratory findings will directly benefit the PIs Engineers-Without-Border project on pathogen removal using low cost and low maintenance water-treatment methods in Guatemala. Natural removal and inactivation of pathogens for wastewater reuse potentially offer energy-saving methods to control pathogens, supplement an often scarce resource (i.e., drinking water), and protect human health. Successful completion of the proposed research will build an important foundation for a comprehensive risk assessment of waterborne pathogens in reclaimed water. The PIs ongoing educational activities include incorporating research results into class-room instruction, and organizing workshops on water quality issues for Proyecto CHE (Project Children for Higher Education). The PIs CleanWater Wiki site and workshop-based TV programs developed for University of Illinois TV station will allow the PIs educational activities to reach a broader audience. The PIs educational activities have been and will be assessed for improvements by her education-specialist collaborators.