Normobaric hypoxia training compared to ambient training on the course of the metabolic syndrom: influence on muscle function and structure

在过去十年中，患有代谢综合征和糖尿病的患者数量翻了一番。体育锻炼可以改善代谢综合征的数据是令人信服的，尽管其在人体中的作用机制尚不清楚。体育锻炼改变的许多内分泌或分子机制已知是缺氧敏感的，即通过缺氧诱导因子-1 （HIF-1）调节。因此，相对缺氧可能与体育锻炼和内源性代谢的改变有关。医学界似乎没有准备好解决所涉及的主要问题。我们有常压“缺氧舱”的经验，现在将测试一个（体育锻炼）训练计划，使用德国其他地方没有的最先进的评估。我们将比较缺氧舱和环境训练，以验证特定的运动条件可以调节代谢综合征发病机制中涉及的特定分子途径。事实上，在减少心血管危险因素或提高健康水平方面，低氧室训练可能优于传统训练。我们将用代谢室测试与代谢相关的整体效应。我们将在日常锻炼期间用微透析测试局部代谢，我们将进行脂肪和肌肉活检以调查组织相关的影响。我们包括来自广泛领域的经验。我们的发现可能有助于理解体育锻炼和内源性代谢之间的联系机制。此外，它们可以影响有关非药物干预的决策。

The patient numbers with metabolic syndrome and diabetes have doubled in the last decade. Data that physical exercise ameliorates the metabolic syndrome are convincing, although the mechanisms of the effect in man are not clear. Numerous endocrine or molecular mechanisms modified by physical exercise are known to be hypoxia-sensitive, i.e. by hypoxia-inducible factor-1 (HIF-1) regulation. Thus, relative hypoxia may link physical exercise and modification of endogenous metabolism. Medical communities seem ill equipped to address the primary issues involved. We have experience with normobaric “hypoxia chambers” and will now test a (physical exercise) training program, using state-ofthe- art assessments available nowhere else in Germany. We will compare hypoxia chamber, to ambient training, to test the notion that specific exercise conditions could regulate specific molecular pathways involved in the pathogenesis of the metabolic syndrome. Indeed, hypoxia chamber training could be superior to conventional training in terms of reducing cardiovascular risk factors or improving fitness. We will test overall metabolism-related effects with a metabolic chamber. We will test local metabolism with microdialysis during exercise routines, and we will perform fat and muscle biopsies to investigate tissue-related effects. We include experience from a broad-ranging spectrum. Our findings might improve understanding mechanisms linking physical exercise and endogenous metabolism. Furthermore, they could influence decision-making regarding non-pharmacological interventions.