XPS: FULL: DSD: Collaborative Research: Moving the Abyss: Database Management on Future 1000-core Processors

提高CPU的速度存在一些根本问题，这些问题超出了今天的可能。由于单个晶体管没有变得更快，像英特尔和AMD这样的制造商不再能够仅仅通过提高时钟速度(例如，从2 GHz到10 GHz)来获得巨大的性能改进。为了克服这一点，未来的CPU将在一个芯片上包含数百到数千个更小的计算核心，这些核心都将以与当前处理器相似的速度运行(例如，2 GHz)。这意味着每个单核的能力将仅与当前的CPU相同，但所有核心的总能力将远远超过当今的可能。这些新CPU出现的一个重要问题是，我们社会各个方面使用的数据库系统不适合这种变化。这种数据库系统用于存储和访问用于各种应用的数据，包括在线业务(例如，Google、Facebook)、科学仪器(例如，天文望远镜)和医学(例如，MRI扫描仪)。他们没有准备好处理这些新的“多核CPU”的原因是，他们中的大多数采用了1970年代和1980年代设计的想法，当时处理器只有一个核心。因此，该项目的目的是开发软件和硬件技术，使数据库系统能够充分利用未来CPU体系结构的计算能力。该项目的成果将使组织能够在比目前使用的更少的计算机上部署未来的应用程序。计算机体系结构正在向一个由单芯片上有数百个核心的多核计算机主导的时代迈进。这种前所未有的片上并行性为可伸缩性引入了一个新的维度，而当前的数据库管理系统(DBMS)在设计时并没有考虑到这一点。特别是，对于DBMS来说，高效地执行并发控制、日志记录和索引变得非常困难。由于有数百个线程并行运行，协调相互竞争的数据读写操作的复杂性削弱了增加核心计数的好处。因此，在这个项目中，PI建议为多核时代的DBMS开发一种软硬件协同设计方法。在软件方面，PI不是试图通过渐进的改进来消除现有DBMS体系结构的可伸缩性瓶颈，而是寻求一种自下而上的方法，在这种方法中，体系结构从一开始就以多核系统为目标。在硬件方面，不是简单地在单个芯片上增加更多的核心，而是PI将设计新的硬件组件，使软件系统从计算关键任务中解脱出来。有关详细信息，请参阅项目网站：http://db.cs.cmu.edu/projects/1000cores/

There are fundamental problems to speeding up CPUs beyond what is possible today. Because individual transistors are not getting any faster, manufacturers like Intel and AMD are no longer able to get massive performance improvements just by increasing clock speeds (e.g., going from 2GHz to 10GHz). To overcome this, future CPUs will contain hundreds to thousands of smaller computational cores on a single chip which will all run at the speed similar to current processors (e.g., 2GHz). This means that each single core will only be as powerful as current CPUs, but that the total aggregate power of all the cores will be significantly more than what is possible today. An important problem with the advent of these new CPUs is that the database systems that are used in all aspects of our society are ill-suited for this change. Such database systems are used to store and access data for a variety of applications, including on-line business (e.g., Google, Facebook), scientific instruments (e.g., astronomical telescopes), and medicine (e.g., MRI scanners). The reason that they are not ready to handle these new "many-core CPUs" is because most of them use ideas that were designed in the 1970s and 1980s when processors only had a single core. Thus, the purpose of this project is to develop both software and hardware technologies that will allow database systems to utilize the full computational power of future CPU architectures. The results of this project will enable organizations to deploy future applications on fewer machines that use less energy than what is currently used today.Computer architectures are moving towards an era dominated by many-core machines with hundreds of cores on a single chip. This unprecedented level of on-chip parallelism introduces a new dimension to scalability that current database management systems (DBMSs) were not designed for. In particular, it becomes exceedingly difficult for the DBMS to perform concurrency control, logging, and indexing efficiently. With hundreds of threads running in parallel, the complexity of coordinating competing reads and writes to data diminishes the benefits of increased core counts. Thus, in this project the PIs propose to develop a software-hardware co-design approach for DBMSs in the many-core era. On the software side, rather than attempting to remove scalability bottlenecks of existing DBMS architectures through incremental improvements, the PIs seek a bottom-up approach where the architecture is designed to target many-core systems from inception. On the hardware side, instead of simply adding more cores to a single chip, the PIs will design new hardware components that can unburden the software system from computationally critical tasks.For further information see project web site at: http://db.cs.cmu.edu/projects/1000cores/