Transalpiner Kulturtransfer: Bevölkerung und Nutztiere des raetischen Alpen- und Alpenvorlandes im 1. Jahrhundert n. Chr.

公元前15年，罗马征服了阿尔卑斯山及其北方皮埃蒙特地区，这是该地区文化发展的一个重大突破。目前考古学上尚未解决的是当地凯尔特人和雷蒂亚人的下落以及他们在新生的雷蒂亚省的作用。特别感兴趣的是所谓的“海姆施泰滕集团”（c。公元30- 60年），仅限于莱赫河和因河之间的地区。这种文化的特点是土葬，穿着大量的传统服装，只有一代人多一点的时间是有形的。迄今存在的解释是有争议的：罗马控制的移民从蒂罗尔因谷或文化发展的本土起源？在该项目中，将对“Heimstetten群”的五个大规模定居点进行考古学和动物考古学研究，探讨其起源和文化印记，并将研究结果与该地区前罗马占领时期的研究结果进行比较。通过对比，朗维德的vicus位于奥格斯堡附近的通过克劳迪娅导致意大利将被调查。这个早期的罗马定居点是由具有地中海文化根源的移民建立的。除了对发现和特征进行考古和动物考古学检查之外，我们将首次对人类和动物的火化和未火化的骨骼遗骸进行同位素指纹（Sr，Pb），以追溯其地理起源，从而为公元世纪人类和动物种群的连续性或不连续性问题提供了答案。在该项目的第一阶段（2013-2015年），利用雷蒂亚不同地区史前遗址的生物考古发现生成了同位素特征。在第二个项目阶段（2016-2018年），将把结果与早期罗马时代发现的骨骼特征进行比较。一个外来个体的证据将提出关于其地理起源的问题。然而，如果涉及家畜的远距离转移，人们为什么要费心转移动物也需要回答。

The conquest of the Alps and its northern piedmont region by Rome in 15 BC represents a major break relative to the region´s cultural development. Archaeologically unsolved for the moment are the whereabouts of the autochthonous Celtic-native and Rhaetian populations and their role in the nascent Province Rhaetia. Of particular interest is the so-called “Heimstetten group” (c. 30-60AD), confined to the region between the rivers Lech and Inn. Characterized by inhumation burials with copious traditional dresses, this culture is only tangible for slightly more than a single generation. The interpretations hitherto existing are controversial: Roman-controlled immigration from the Tyrolean Inn Valley or cultural development of autochthonous origin? In this project, five large-scale settlements of the “Heimstetten group” will be studied archaeologically and zooarchaeologically regarding their genesis and cultural imprint and the results compared with those from pre-Roman occupations in the region. By way of contrast, the vicus of Langweid located near Augsburg on the Via Claudia leading to Italy will be investigated. This early Roman settlement was founded by immigrants with Mediterranean cultural roots.Beyond the archaeological and zooarchaeological examination of finds and features, we will apply for the first time isotopic fingerprinting (Sr, Pb) to cremated and uncremated osseous remains from humans and animals in order tracing their geographic origin, thus providing an answer to the issue of continuity or discontinuity in first century AD human and animal populations. In the first phase of the project (2013-2015), isotopic signatures were generated with bioarchaeological finds from prehistoric sites in different parts of Rhaetia. During the second project phase (2016-2018), the results will be compared with the signatures from bone finds in early Roman contexts. Evidence for an allochthonous individual will raise the question about its geographic origin. However, provided a long-range transfer of domestic animals is involved, the reason why people bothered to translocate animals needs to be answered as well.