Zoomorphologie auf eScience vorbereiten: 1) Datenstandards für die Zoomorphologie; 2) Basic Formal Ontology & Granularität; 3) Domain Referenz Ontologie für die Anatomie der Metazoa; 4) Modul für ontologiebasierte morphologischen Beschreibungen für Morph

在过去的几十年里，生命科学的研究实践发生了显著的变化。高通量技术的发展导致了数据密集型科学的出现，结果是越来越多的科学家使用计算机进行数据探索。从公开可用的数据中汇编新的数据集，并在新的前提下对其进行分析已经是一种常见的做法。因为这种新的科学方法需要在线数据仓库和语义网的应用，所以它通常被称为eScience。不幸的是，由于两个基本问题，到目前为止，动物学还没有参加eScience：1)其公布的数据只存在于文献中，因此不能通过互联网公开获得和访问，最终丢失(特别是相应的未发表的原始数据：图像、连续切片等)；2)迄今为止，形态描述不能存储在一般的数据库中，因为各自的标准还不存在，即独立于分类单元、无同源的解剖学术语和使形态描述可由计算机解析的数据的正式记录方法。这两个问题的解决方案都涉及到使用现代术语，即本体论(参见OBO Foundry；http://www.obofoundry.org).所需的解剖本体论仍有待开发。为了相互兼容，它们必须使用后生动物解剖学领域参考本体(Droma)作为模板，该模板也必须开发。此外，为了与其他OBO本体兼容，Droma必须基于OBO的顶层本体，即基本形式本体。为了适应生物现实，BFO必须扩展几个类别。因此，这项建议分为四个方面：1)继续开发最近成立的国际动物形态标准联合会(http://iczs.org))的网页，并成立一个内部数据兴趣小组；2)扩展BFO并开发一个通用的粒度框架，使组织和管理解剖实体(纯粹的解剖学、发育、进化、生理等)的不同视角成为可能。3)调查开发DROM和开发DROM的前提；4)开发一个进行基于本体的描述的模块，该模块将建立现有的形态数据库MorphDBase(http://www.morphdbase.de/))，作为动物形态数据的现代数据储存库，并由此提供一个开放和免费访问的在线门户网站，用于生成基于本体的描述。由此产生的形态数据将对所有生物学家可持续地访问，动物地貌学将为eScience做好准备。

Within the last decades, research practice in life sciences has changed significantly. The development of high-throughput techniques lead to the emergence of data-intensive science, with the consequence that more and more scientists use computers for data exploration. It is already common practice to compile new datasets from openly available data and analyze them under new premises. Because this new approach to science requires online data repositories and applications of the semantic web, it is commonly referred to as eScience. Unfortunately, because of two basic problems, zoomorphology did not take part in eScience so far: 1) its published data exist only in the literature and are thus not openly available and accessible via the internet and, ultimately, get lost (especially the corresponding unpublished raw data: images, serial sections, etc.); 2) to date, morphological descriptions cannot be deposited in general data repositories, because respective standards are not existing, i.e. taxon-independent, homology-free anatomy terminologies and a formalized method of documentation of data that makes morphological descriptions computer parsable. The solution to both problems involves the use of modern terminologies, i.e. ontologies (see OBO Foundry; http://www.obofoundry.org). The required anatomical ontologies still have to be developed. In order to be compatible with each other, they must use a Domain Reference Ontology for Metazoan Anatomy (DROMA) as template, which has to be developed as well. Moreover, to be compatible with the other OBO ontologies, DROMA must be based on OBO's top-level ontology, i.e. the Basic Formal Ontology (BFO). In order to accommodate biological reality, BFO must be extended by several categories. Therefore, this proposal is divided into four aspects: 1) continue developing the web pages of the recently started International Consortium of Zoomorphology Standards (http://iczs.org) and launch an internal Data Interest Group; 2) extending BFO and developing a general granularity framework that enables the organization and management of different perspectives on anatomical entities (purely anatomical, developmental, evolutionary, physiologically, etc.) in data repositories; 3) investigating the premises for the development of DROMA and developing DROMA; 4) developing a module for conducting ontology-based descriptions that will establish the already existing morphological database MorphDBase (http://www.morphdbase.de/) as a modern data repository for zoomorphological data and therewith providing an openly and freely accessible online web-portal for generating ontology-based descriptions. The resulting morphological data will be sustainably accessible to all biologists, and zoomorphology would be ready for eScience.