RAPID: Multi-Hazard Performance of Load Bearing Wall Systems: A Case Study in Haiti following the January 2010 Earthquake and October 2016 Hurricane Matthew

这笔快速反应研究(RAPID)拨款将使圣母大学和佛罗里达大学的风能、沿海和结构工程师团队能够在海地的提伯龙半岛进行法医分析，以检查2016年10月飓风马修期间低层建筑的表现。加强社区对自然灾害的复原力，关键取决于改善以低层建筑为主的私营部门的建筑做法。对于沿海社区来说，这一问题变得尤为紧迫，因为在不断变化的海平面和气候条件下，飓风风险正在升级。从历史上看，在这种环境下，砖石承重墙系统一直是一种值得信赖的低层建筑模式。例如，美国东南部的建筑商通常使用砖石建造教堂、学校、商业建筑，甚至住宅。尽管这些系统很受欢迎，但它们对自然灾害的脆弱性可能很大，特别是在尚未制定全州最低建筑标准的州内。遗憾的是，这些漏洞仅在与主要飓风通过相关的极端风、浪和风暴潮载荷下才会暴露出来。这使得对主要飓风期间的建筑故障进行法医分析成为提高设计水平的关键知识来源。2016年10月飓风马太在海地过境，为在近代史上最严重的飓风之一下对低层砖石建筑的性能进行法医分析提供了机会。此设置包括施工参数，便于对已知的影响砖砌建筑在风浪和风暴潮作用下性能的变量进行独特的比较分析。此外，海地在2010年1月发生毁灭性地震后，最近部分地区进行了重建，对地震细节更加警惕，这进一步增加了影响的可能性，因为美国以前没有机会在有限的时间内(先是强烈地震，然后是大飓风)探索结构在多种重大危险情况下的就地性能。通过结合空中和地面技术，多机构团队将收集易腐烂的数据，以回答以下问题：(1)传统砖石结构体系在飓风风、浪和风暴潮下的表现如何？(2)针对2010年地震而出现的新结构体系和抗震详细的传统砖石体系在这场大飓风中的表现如何？(3)传统砖石结构承重墙在飓风马太中的表现与在2010年地震中观察到的相比如何？这将如何为未来的多风险设计提供信息？这些见解将有助于推进更具弹性、多种危险的施工实践，以减少未来的生命和财产损失。

This grant for Rapid Response Research (RAPID) will enable a team of wind, coastal, and structural engineers from the University of Notre Dame and the University of Florida to conduct a forensic analysis across the Tiburon Peninsula of Haiti to examine the performance of low-rise construction during the October 2016 Hurricane Matthew. Strengthening community resilience to natural disasters depends critically on improving construction practices across a private sector dominated by low-rise buildings. This issue becomes particularly urgent for coastal communities, where hurricane risk is escalating under changing sea levels and climate conditions. Historically, masonry load bearing wall systems had served as a trusted mode of low-rise construction in such settings. For example, builders in the southeastern United States commonly use masonry for churches, schools, commercial buildings, and even residences. Despite their popularity, the vulnerabilities in these systems to natural hazards can be significant, particularly within states that have yet to enact statewide minimum building standards. Regrettably, these vulnerabilities are only revealed under extreme wind, wave, and storm surge loads associated with the passage of major hurricanes. This makes the forensic analysis of building failures during major hurricanes a critical source of knowledge to improve the design state-of-the-art. The passage of Hurricane Matthew over Haiti in October 2016 provides an opportunity to conduct a forensic analysis of low-rise masonry building performance under one of the most significant hurricanes in recent history. This setting includes construction preferences that facilitate unique comparative analyses of variables known to influence performance of masonry buildings under wind, wave, and storm surge. Moreover, the fact that portions of Haiti have recently undergone reconstruction, following the devastating January 2010 earthquake in that country, with greater vigilance toward seismic detailing, furthers the potential for impact, as there has been no prior opportunity in the United States to explore the in-situ performance of structures under multiple significant hazards in a limited time period (strong earthquake followed by major hurricane). Through a combination of aerial and ground-based techniques, the multi-institutional team will collect perishable data to answer the following questions: (1) How did traditional masonry structural systems perform under hurricane wind, wave, and storm surge? (2) How did the new structural systems that have emerged in response to the 2010 earthquake and aseismically detailed traditional masonry systems perform in this major hurricane? (3) How does the performance of traditional masonry load bearing walls in Hurricane Matthew compare to that observed in the 2010 earthquake? How can this inform future multi-hazard designs? These insights will contribute to advancing more resilient, multi-hazard construction practices to reduce future losses of life and property.