SNM: Additive Nanomanufacturing of Integrated Systems for Customized Personal Health Monitoring

在今天的计划淘汰经济中，大多数消费电子产品只能在软件层面进行定制。相比之下，特定于用户的硬件对于世界上绝大多数人口来说是经济上无法承受的。因此，21世纪世纪制造业面临的主要挑战之一是可持续、节能和具有成本效益的可定制生产系统，这些系统针对每个人进行个性化定制。这种需要在医疗竞技场中尤其迫切，其中个性化健康监测需要针对个体的独特生理组成和几何形状定制的集成系统。这个可扩展的纳米制造（SNM）研究项目探讨了直接打印具有纳米级特征的三维集成系统所需的表面化学和物理过程，以及监控和确保打印材料和结构质量控制的策略。这些技术可用于实现三维定制系统，如智能隐形眼镜，这将通过集成传感器实现连续和非侵入性健康监测的范式转变，这些传感器可以检测身体中的化学变化，具有无线通信和电力，以将数据传输给用户。这项研究结合了几个学科，包括纳米制造，建模和仿真，过程控制，系统集成和原位表征。这项工作的社会影响是通过公共教育研讨会，外展计划和一个新的大学课程先进nanomanufacturing.Current nanomanufacturingresearch已经集中在大批量，高吞吐量的技术，以生产数以百万计的相同的零件，使得它不可能定制集成系统在深硬件水平。为了应对这些挑战，研究团队将探索一种新的方法，将功能性纳米材料直接打印到非平面的柔性表面上，并在三维空间中具有无与伦比的空间分辨率。该制造平台将空间原子层沉积与电流体动力学喷射印刷相结合，并结合了原位过程监测和控制。该研究涵盖了从表面化学的分子控制到在弯曲或非平面表面上打印期间发生的耦合电化学机械过程的建模，以及表征几何公差对组件性能的影响等学科。该增材纳米制造平台能够将包括电源、传感和逻辑在内的多种功能集成到智能接触透镜中，该智能接触透镜可以与人体的敏感区域连接，以监测细胞水平的化学/电化学变化。对指导制造过程的精确度和准确性的物理，化学，热和传输现象的基本理解将是研究的重点，这将揭示纳米级打印集成系统的潜在科学挑战。

In today's economy of planned obsolescence, most consumer electronics can only be customized at the software level. In contrast, hardware that is specific to the user is out of economic reach for the vast majority of the world's population. Therefore, one of the key manufacturing challenges of the 21st century is the sustainable, energy-efficient, and cost-effective customizable production of systems that are personalized to each individual. This need is especially acute in the medical arena, in which personalized health monitoring requires integrated systems that are customized to the unique physiological composition and the geometric form of the individual. This Scalable NanoManufacturing (SNM) research project explores the surface chemistry and physical processes needed to directly print three-dimensional integrated systems with nanoscale features, and strategies to monitor and assure quality control of the printed materials and structures. These techniques can be used to realize three-dimensional customized systems such as smart contact lenses, which would enable a paradigm shift in continuous and non-invasive health monitoring by integrating sensors that can detect chemical changes in the body with wireless communication and power to transmit data to the user. This research combines several disciplines including nanomanufacturing, modeling and simulation, process control, system integration, and in situ characterization. The societal impact of the work is through public education workshops, outreach programs, and a new university course on advanced nanomanufacturing.Current nanomanufacturing research has focused on high-volume, high-throughput techniques to produce millions of identical parts, making it impossible to customize integrated systems at a deep hardware level. To address these challenges, the research team will explore a new methodology to directly print functional nanomaterials onto non-planar, flexible surfaces with unparalleled spatial resolution in three dimensions. The manufacturing platform combines spatial atomic layer deposition with electrohydrodynamic-jet printing, and incorporates in situ process monitoring and control. The research spans disciplines from molecular control of surface chemistry, to modeling coupled electro-chemo-mechanical processes that occur during printing on a curved or non-planar surface, to characterizing the impact of geometric tolerances on component performance. The additive nanomanufacturing platform enables integration of multiple functions including power, sensing, and logic into a smart contact lens that can interface with sensitive regions of the human body to monitor chemical/electrochemical changes at the cellular level. A fundamental understanding of the physical, chemical, thermal, and transport phenomena that guide the precision and accuracy of the manufacturing process will be the focus of the research, which will unveil the underlying scientific challenges to printing integrated systems at the nanoscale.