RAPID: Ionic Modulation of COVID Through Ceramic Surfaces for Deactivation

非技术描述：该研究项目的目标是主动捕获和净化表面上的COVID-19病毒。本计画借由离子交换、介电性质及物理纹理来研究原子量身订做的陶瓷表面涂层。表面活化的陶瓷颗粒由于其生物相容性和有效的抗菌活性而令人感兴趣。颗粒的大小、形状和形态也影响抗细菌反应。抗病毒活性的可能机制包括与病毒体（包括刺突、包被和衣壳）的原子级物理和化学相互作用。化学相互作用包括粒子的光活化、活性氧的形成和金属离子释放，而物理相互作用包括膜破裂和对病毒的机械损伤。本研究采用先进的间接和直接技术，研究陶瓷与病毒在多个长度尺度上的相互作用。该项目对于保护多个表面特别及时，因为美国将在未来几个月重新开放。该项目涉及科学家，工程师，教育工作者和行业专家之间的团队合作。该项目的另一个重要成果是培养下一代员工掌握融合理念的能力。技术特征：冠状病毒颗粒具有刺突蛋白（S蛋白），负责附着在宿主细胞上。具体而言，在人类中，SARS和SARS-CoV-2物种已被证明与宿主细胞受体蛋白ACE 2（一种锌金属蛋白）相互作用。这种病毒-细胞结合由蛋白质分子之间的极性相互作用控制。该研究项目的重点是使用极性陶瓷基结构来捕获和灭活冠状病毒。离子陶瓷固体由于原子在不同晶面上的独特排列而显示出固有的极性。例如，沿沿着[0001]方向的交替基面包含两个独立的原子，这导致固有极性。本研究的中心假设是陶瓷颗粒表面的离子缺陷和极性有利于有效捕获冠状病毒颗粒并随后通过离子调制使其失活。表征技术，如原子力显微镜（AFM）和透射电子显微镜（TEM）被用于分析物理缺陷。电离度对捕获和失活的影响正在通过间接和直接方法进行测试。间接检测方案包括用病毒颗粒接种表面，然后测量感染性病毒颗粒的数量。成功的研究结果正在应用于航空航天，汽车，零售和其他关键行业的硬质和多孔表面。该赠款将使用冠状病毒援助，救济，经济安全（CARES）分配给MPS的法案补充。该奖项反映了NSF的法定使命，并通过使用基金会的知识价值和更广泛的影响审查进行评估，被认为值得支持的搜索.

NON-TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION: The goal of this research project is to actively capture and decontaminate surfaces from the COVID-19 virus. This project studies atomically tailored ceramic surface coatings by examining ionic exchange, dielectric properties, and physical texturing. Surface activated ceramic particles are interesting due to their biocompatible nature and effective antigerm activity. The size, shape, and morphology of the particles also impact antigerm responses. The possible mechanisms for antiviral activity include both atomic-scale physical and chemical interactions with the virus' body including spike, coating, and capsid. Chemical interactions include photo-activation of the particles, the formation of reactive oxygen species, and metal ion release, while physical interactions include membrane disruption and mechanical damage to the virus. This research applies advanced indirect and direct techniques to study the interaction of the ceramic with the virus at multiple length scales. This project is especially timely for the protection of multiple surfaces, since the US will reopen in the coming months. The project involves teamwork among scientists, engineers, educators, and industry experts. Training the next generation of the workforce with the ability to grasp the philosophy of convergence is another key outcome of this project.TECHNICAL DETAILS: Coronavirus particles have spike proteins (S-proteins) that are responsible for the attachment to the host cells. Specifically, in humans, the SARS and SARS-CoV-2 species have been shown to interact with the host cell receptor protein ACE2 (a zinc metalloprotein). This virus-cell binding is controlled by the polar interaction between the protein molecules. This research project focuses on using polar ceramic-based structures for the capture and deactivation of the coronavirus. Ionic ceramic solids show intrinsic polarity due to the unique arrangement of atoms across different crystalline facets. For example, the alternate basal planes along [0001] direction contain two separate atoms, which lead to intrinsic polarity. The central hypothesis of this research is that ionic surface defects and the polarity on the surface of ceramic particles benefit the effective capture of coronavirus particles and their subsequent deactivation through ionic modulation. Characterization techniques such as atomic force microscopy (AFM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are being used for the analysis of physical defects. The effect of ionicity on capture and deactivation is being tested via indirect and direct methods. The indirect testing protocol includes inoculation of the surfaces with virus particles and then measuring the number of infectious virus particles. Successful findings are being applied to hard and porous surfaces for aerospace, automotive, retail, and other critical industry sectors.This grant is being awarded using funds made available by the Coronavirus Aid, Relief, and Economic Security (CARES) Act supplement allocated to MPS.This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.